多线程详解

线程、进程、多线程

普通方法和调用多线程

线程创建

三种创建方式

Thread

总结：线程开启不一定立即执行，CPU安排调度

package TestThread;


//创建线程的方式之一：继承Thread类，重新run方法，调用start开启线程
public class demo01 extends Thread{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("run------" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        demo01 demo01 = new demo01();
        demo01.start();
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("main++++++++" + i);
        }
    }

}

网图下载

package TestThread.domo01;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

public class TestThread01 extends Thread{

    private String url;
    private String name;

    public TestThread01(String url, String name){
        this.url = url;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {//下载图片的执行体
        WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
        webDownloader.download(url, name);
        System.out.println("下载了文件名为：" + name);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread01 t1 = new TestThread01("https://src.sjt2f-1575-481c-ae36-00d5e214b435-U6EBAm04.png", "1.png");
        TestThread01 t2 = new TestThread01("https://srca0-81d9-b213259aa625-FcxWZ75r.png", "2.png");
        TestThread01 t3 = new TestThread01("https://src.a4c76a-17ab-4dbe-a0d7-85e6fa7c795d-p9ArBtQD.png", "3.png");

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t3.start();
    }
}

class WebDownloader {
    public void download(String url,String name){
        try {
            FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.out.println("io异常，Downloader方法出现异常");
        }
    }
}

实现Runnable接口

package TestThread.domo01;

//创建线程方式2：实现Runnable接口，重写run方法，执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类。调用start方法。
public class TestThread implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("run------" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread testThread = new TestThread();

        //Thread thread = new Thread(testThread);
        //thread.start();
        new Thread(testThread).start();


        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            System.out.println("main++++++++" + i);
        }
    }
}

小结

初识并发问题

package TestThread.demo02;

public class TestThread01 implements Runnable{
    private int piao = 10;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            if(piao<=0){
                break;
            }
            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->拿到了第" + piao-- + "票");

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestThread01 testThread01 = new TestThread01();

        new Thread(testThread01,"小米").start();
        new Thread(testThread01,"小明").start();
        new Thread(testThread01,"小天").start();

    }
}

龟兔赛跑

package TestThread.demo02;

public class Race implements Runnable{

    private static String winner;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---》跑了" + i + "步");
            //如果比赛结束了，就停止程序
            if (flag(i)){
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    //判断是否完成比赛
    public boolean flag(int step){
        if (winner !=null){
            return true;
        }{
            if (step == 100){
                winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
                System.out.println("winner is " + winner);
            }
        return false;
        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Race race = new Race();

        new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
        new Thread(race, "乌龟").start();
    }

}

Lamda表达式

Lamdba表达式

演化过程…（？）

package lambda;

public class TestLamda01 {
    //3.静态内部类
    static class like2 implements Ilike{
        @Override
        public void lambda() {
            System.out.println(" i like lambda2");
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        like like = new like();
        like.lambda();
        like2 like2 = new like2();
        like2.lambda();

        //4.局部内部类
        class like3 implements Ilike{
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println(" i like lambda3");
            }
        }
        like3 like3 = new like3();
        like3.lambda();

        //5.匿名内部类，没有类的名称，必须借助接口或者父类
        Ilike like4 = new Ilike(){
            @Override
            public void lambda() {
                System.out.println(" i like lambda4");
            }
        }; 
        like4.lambda();


        //6.用lambda简化
        Ilike like5 = ()->{
            System.out.println(" i like lambda5");
        };
        like5.lambda();

    }
}

//定义一个函数式接口
interface Ilike {
    void lambda();
}

//实现类
class like implements Ilike{

    @Override
    public void lambda() {
        System.out.println(" i like lambda");
    }
}

package lambda;

public class TestLambda02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //lambda表示简化
        ILove love = (int a)->{
            System.out.println("love--->" + a);
        };


        //简化1：参数类型
        love = (a)->{
            System.out.println("love--->" + a);
        };

        //简化2：括号
        love = a->{
            System.out.println("love--->" + a);
        };

        //简化3：去掉花括号
        love = a -> System.out.println("love--->" + a);


        love.love(520);
    }
}

interface ILove{
    void love(int a);
}

静态代理模式

package lambda;

public class StaticProxy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
        weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
    }

}

interface Marry{
    void HappyMarry();
}

//真实角色，你去结婚
class You implements Marry{

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        System.out.println("Tom 要结婚了");

    }
}

//代理角色，帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
    private Marry target;

    public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
        this.target = target;
    }

    @Override
    public void HappyMarry() {
        before();
        this.target.HappyMarry();
        after();


    }

    private void before() {
        System.out.println("结婚之前，布置现场");
    }

    private void after() {
        System.out.println("结婚之后，收尾款");
    }
}

线程停止

线程状态

线程方法

停止线程

package state;

public class TestStop implements Runnable{
    //1.设置一个标志位
    private boolean flag = true;

    @Override
    public void run() {
        int i = 0;
        while (flag) {
            System.out.println("run....Thread.." + i++);
        }
    }

    //设置一个公开的方法停止线程，转换标志位
    public void stop(){
        this.flag = false;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
        new Thread(testStop).start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("main.." + i);
            if (i == 90){

                //调用stop方法切换标志位，让线程停止
                testStop.stop();
                System.out.println("线程该停止了...");
            }
        }
    }
}

线程休眠_sleep

线程休眠

模拟网络延时：放大问题的发生性

package state;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

public class TestSleep02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Date Starttime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统时间
 
        while (true){
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);//延时1秒
                System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(Starttime));
                Starttime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

线程礼让_yield

package state;

public class TestYield {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyYield myYield = new MyYield();
        new Thread(myYield,"小米").start();
        //new Thread(myYield,"小马").start();
        //new Thread(myYield,"小明").start();
        //new Thread(myYield,"小花").start();
        new Thread(myYield,"小萨").start();

    }
}

class MyYield implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->进程开始执行...");
        Thread.yield();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "--->进程结束执行...");
    }
}

线程强制执行_join

package state;

//测试join方法，想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
            System.out.println("线程VIP---->" + i);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
        Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
        thread.start();

        for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
            if (i == 200){
                thread.join();//插队
                System.out.println("main" + i);
            }
        }
    }
}

观测线程状态

package state;

public class TestState {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println("/");
            }
        });

        //观察状态
        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);

        //观察启动后
        thread.start();
        state = thread.getState();
        System.out.println(state);
        //只要线程不终止，就一直输出状态
        while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED) {
            Thread.sleep(100);
            state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
            System.out.println(state);//输出线程状态
        }
    }
}

线程优先级

package state;

//测试线程优先级
public class TestPriority {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //主线程默认优先级
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());

        MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
        Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

        //先设置优先级，再启动
        t1.start();

        t2.setPriority(1);
        t2.start();

        t3.setPriority(4);
        t3.start();

        t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//MAX_PRIORITY=10
        t4.start();

//        t5.setPriority(-1);
//        t5.start();
//
//        t6.setPriority(11);
//        t6.start();
    }
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable{

    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "--->" + Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
    }
}

守护(deamon)线程

package state;

public class TestDeamon {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        God god = new God();
        You you = new You();

        Thread thread = new Thread(god);
        thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示用户线程，正常线程都是用户线程
        thread.start();

        new Thread(you).start();

    }

}

class God implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
        }
    }
}

class You implements Runnable{

    public void run(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
            System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
        }
        System.out.println("-=======goodbye world....");
    }
}

就是按理说god线程是不会停止的，但是把它变为守护线程之后呢，虚拟机就不管它了，都是围绕着用户进程的（是吧？）

线程同步机制

并发

线程同步

三大不安全案例

线程不安全案例1：不安全的买票

package cn.bloghut.syn;


public class UnsafeBuyTicket {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

        new Thread(station,"闲言").start();
        new Thread(station,"鸡哥").start();
        new Thread(station,"黄牛").start();

    }

}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable {

    //票
    private int ticketNums = 10;
    private boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //买票
        while (flag) {
            buy();
        }
    }

    private void buy() {
        //判断是否有票
        if (ticketNums <= 0) {
            flag = false;
            return;
        }
        //模拟延时
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //买票
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "拿到" + ticketNums-- + "张票");
    }
}

线程不安全案例2：不安全的取钱

package cn.bloghut.syn;


public class UnsafeBank {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //账户
        Account account = new Account(100, "结婚基金");
        Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
        Drawing girlFriend = new Drawing(account,100,"girlFriend");

        you.start();
        girlFriend.start();

    }

}

//账户
class Account {
    int money;//余额
    String name;//卡名

    public Account(int money, String name) {
        this.money = money;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

//银行：模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread {

    Account account;//账户
    //取了多少钱
    int drawingMoney;
    //现在手里有多少钱
    int nowMoney;

    public Drawing(Account account, int drawingMoney, String name) {
        super(name);
        this.account = account;
        this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //判断有没有钱
        if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够，取不了");
            return;
        }

        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


        //卡内余额 = 余额 减去 你取的前
        account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
        //你手里的钱
        nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

        System.out.println(account.name + "余额为：" + account.money);
        //Thread.currentThread().getName() = this.getName();
        System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱" + nowMoney);

    }
}

线程不安全案例3：不安全的集合

package cn.bloghut.syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class UnsafeList {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
            new Thread(()->{
                list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }).start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(3000);
        System.out.println(list.size());

    }
}

同步方法和同步块

同步方法

同步方法弊端

同步块

CopyOnWriteArrayList

juc安全类型的集合

死锁

死锁示例：

package syn;

import com.sun.org.apache.bcel.internal.generic.NEW;

public class DeadLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Makeup hg = new Makeup(0, "灰姑凉");
        Makeup bx = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");
        new Thread(hg).start();
        new Thread(bx).start();
    }
}


class Lipstick{ //口红

}

class Mirror{//镜子

}

class Makeup implements Runnable{

    //需要的资源只有一份，用static来保证一份
    static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
    static Mirror mirror =new Mirror();

    int choice;//选择
    String name;//选择化妆品的女孩

    public Makeup(int choice, String name) {
        this.choice = choice;
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        //化妆
        try {
            makeup();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


    //化妆的方法，互相持有对方的锁，需要拿到对方的资源
    private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
        if (choice == 0){
            synchronized (lipstick){
                System.out.println(this.name + "获得了口红的锁");
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                //休息了一秒，想要获得镜子的锁
                synchronized (mirror) {
                    System.out.println(this.name + "获得了镜子的锁");
                }
            }
        }else {
            synchronized (mirror){
                System.out.println(this.name + "获得了镜子的锁");
                Thread.sleep(2000);
                //休息了一秒，想要获得口红的锁
                synchronized (lipstick) {
                    System.out.println(this.name + "获得了口红的锁");
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

然后是把锁中锁拿到了锁外面，就可以解决了死锁问题，但是我特么觉得不合逻辑呀…

死锁避免方法

lock(锁)

ReentrantLock 可重入锁

package syn;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

public class TestLock {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TestLock2 t1 = new TestLock2();
        new Thread(t1).start();
        new Thread(t1).start();
        new Thread(t1).start();
    }
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
    int ticketNums = 10;

    //定义lock锁
    private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();


    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                lock.lock();//加锁
                if (ticketNums > 0){
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(ticketNums--);
                }else {
                    break;
                }
            } finally {
                //解锁
                lock.unlock();
            }

        }
    }
}

synchronized 与 Lock 的对比

生产者消费者问题

线程通信

解决方式1

解决方式2

管程法

package syn;

//测试：生产者消费者模型---》利用缓存区解决：管程法


//生产者，消费者，产品，缓冲区
public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SynContainer container = new SynContainer();

        new Productor(container).start();
        new Consumer(container).start();
    }
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Productor(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }
    
    //生产、

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

            container.push(new Chicken(i));
            System.out.println("生产了" + i + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}


//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
    SynContainer container;

    public Consumer(SynContainer container){
        this.container = container;
    }

    //消费

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            System.out.println("消费了----》" + container.pop().id + "只鸡");
        }
    }
}

//产品
class Chicken {
    int id;//产品编号

    public Chicken(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
    //需要一个容器的大小
    Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
    //容器计数器
    int count = 0;

    //生产者放入产品
    public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
        //如果容器满了，就需要等待消费者消费
        while (count==chickens.length){
            //通知消费者消费，生产等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        //如果没有满，我们就需要丢入产品
        chickens[count] = chicken;
        count++;

        //可以通知消费者消费
        this.notifyAll();

    }

    //消费者消费产品
    public synchronized Chicken pop(){
        //判断能否消费
        if (count==0){
            //等待生产者生产，消费者等待
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //如果可以消费
        count--;
        Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

        //吃完了，通知生产者生产
        this.notifyAll();
        return chicken;


    }
}

信号灯法

package syn;


//测试：信号灯法，标志位解决
public class TestPC02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TV tv = new TV();
        new Palyer(tv).start();
        new Watcher(tv).start();
    }
}

//生产者---演员
class Palyer extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Palyer(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            if (i%2==0){
                this.tv.paly("快乐大本营");
            }else {
                this.tv.paly("广告进行曲~~~");
            }
        }
    }
}
//消费者---观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
    TV tv;
    public Watcher(TV tv){
        this.tv = tv;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            this.tv.watch();
        }
    }
}
//产品----节目
class TV{
    //演员表演，观众等待 T
    //观众观看，演员等待 F
    String voice;//
    boolean flag = true;//

    //表演
    public synchronized void paly(String voice){

        if (flag==false){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("演员表演了" + voice);
        //通知观众观看
        this.notifyAll();
        this.voice = voice;
        this.flag = !this.flag;
    }
    //观看
    public synchronized void watch(){
        if (flag==true){
            try {
                this.wait();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        System.out.println("观众观看" + voice);
        //通知演员表演
        this.notifyAll();
        this.flag = !this.flag;


    }
}
//

线程池

使用线程池

package syn;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class TestPool {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.创建服务，创建线程池
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

        //执行
        service.execute(new TPool());
        service.execute(new TPool());
        service.execute(new TPool());
        service.execute(new TPool());

        //2.关闭连接
        service.shutdown();
    }
}


class TPool implements Runnable{
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 1; i++) {
            System.out.println(i);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + i);
        }
    }
}