结构类型的基本程序

1、

#include<iostream.h>
main()
{
    //定义结构类型
    struct    books
    {
    char   title[20];
    char   author[15];
    int    pages;
    float  price;
    } ;

    //声明结构变量
    struct books Zbk={"VC++ ","Zhang",295,35.5}; 
    books Wbk;  

    //对结构变量的输出
    cout<<"Zbk:"<<endl;
    cout<<Zbk.title <<endl;
    cout<<Zbk.author<<endl;
    cout<<Zbk.pages<<endl;
    cout<<Zbk.price<<endl;
    cout<<"--------------------"<<endl;

    //对结构成员的运算
    Zbk.pages+=10;
    Zbk.price+=0.5;
    cout<<"Zbk.pages="<<Zbk.pages<<endl;
    cout<<"Zbk.price="<<Zbk.price<<endl;
    cout<<"--------------------"<<endl;

    //对结构变量的输入输出
    cout<<"Wbk.title =";
    cin>>Wbk.title;
    cout<<"Wbk.author=";
    cin>>Wbk.author;
    cout<<"Wbk.pages=";
    cin>>Wbk.pages;
    cout<<"Wbk.price=";
    cin>>Wbk.price;
    cout<<"Wbk:"<<endl;
    cout<<Wbk.title <<endl;
    cout<<Wbk.author<<endl;
    cout<<Wbk.pages<<endl;
    cout<<Wbk.price<<endl;
    cout<<"--------------------"<<endl;

    //结构变量之间的相互赋值
    books temp;
    temp=Wbk;
    cout<<"temp:"<<endl;
    cout<<temp.title<<endl;
    cout<<temp.author<<endl;
    cout<<temp.pages<<endl;
    cout<<temp.price<<endl;
}

2、

#include<iostream.h>
main()
{
    int i;
    //定义结构类型 
    struct student {
           int  num;
           char  name[10];
           float maths;
           float physics;
           float chemistry;
           double  total;
    };

     //声明结构数组st
     student st[3];

     //从键盘上为结构数组输入值 
     cout<<"    num  name     maths physics chemistry "<<endl;
     for (i=0;i<3;i++)
     {
        cout<<i+1<<"   ";
        cin>>st[i].num;
        cin>>st[i].name;
        cin>>st[i].maths;
        cin>>st[i].physics;
        cin>>st[i].chemistry;
     }

    //计算每个学生的总成绩
    for (i=0;i<3;i++)
         st[i].total=st[i].maths+st[i].physics+st[i].chemistry;

    //输出结构数组各元素的值 
    for (i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        cout<<"st["<<i<<"]:   ";
        cout<<st[i].num<<'\t';
        cout<<st[i].name<<'\t';
        cout<<st[i].maths<<'\t';
        cout<<st[i].physics<<'\t';
        cout<<st[i].chemistry<<'\t';
        cout<<st[i].total<<endl;
     }
}

3、

include<iostream.h>
main()
{
    //定义结构类型
    struct human {
       char name[10];
       int sex;
       int age;
    };

    //声明结构变量和结构指针变量,并初始化
    struct human x={"WangPing",1,30},*p=NULL;

    //结构指针变量指向对象
    p=&x;

    //显示结构变量的值
    cout<<"x.name="<<x.name<<endl;
    cout<<"x.sex="<<x.sex<<endl;
    cout<<"x.age="<<x.age<<endl;

    //利用结构指针显示结构对象中的数据
    cout<<"(*p).name="<<(*p).name<<endl;
    cout<<"(*p).sex="<<(*p).sex<<endl;
    cout<<"(*p).age="<<(*p).age<<endl;
    cout<<"p->name="<<p->name<<endl;
    cout<<"p->sex="<<p->sex<<endl;
    cout<<"p->age="<<p->age<<endl;

    //通过结构指针为结构对象输入数据
    cout<<"name:";
    cin>>(*p).name;
    cout<<"sex:";
    cin>>(*p).sex;
    cout<<"age:";
    cin>>(*p).age;

    //显示结构变量的值
    cout<<"x.name="<<x.name<<endl;
    cout<<"x.sex="<<x.sex<<endl;
    cout<<"x.age="<<x.age<<endl;
}

4、

#include<iostream.h>
main()
{
    //定义结构类型
    struct human {
       char name[10];
       int sex;
       int age;
       };

    //声明结构变量和结构指针,并初始化
    struct human x={"WangPing",1,30},*p=&x;

    //利用结构指针显示结构中的数据
    cout<<"(*p).name="<<(*p).name<<endl;
    cout<<"(*p).sex="<<(*p).sex<<endl;
    cout<<"(*p).age="<<(*p).age<<endl;
    cout<<"-------------------------"<<endl;

    //利用new运算符为p分配内存
    p=new human;

    //从键盘上为p指向的结构对象赋值
    cout<<"p->name=";
    cin>>p->name;
    cout<<"p->sex=";
    cin>>p->sex;
    cout<<"p->age=";
    cin>>p->age;
    cout<<"-------------------------"<<endl;

    //显示p所指结构对象的值
    cout<<"p->name="<<p->name<<endl;
    cout<<"p->sex="<<p->sex<<endl;
    cout<<"p->age="<<p->age<<endl;
    cout<<"-------------------------"<<endl;

    //显示结构变量的值
    cout<<"x.name="<<x.name<<endl;
    cout<<"x.sex="<<x.sex<<endl;
    cout<<"x.age="<<x.age<<endl;

    //释放p指向的内存
    delete p;  
}

5、

#include<iostream.h>
main()
{
    //定义结构类型
    struct human {
       char name[10];
       int sex;
       int age;
    };

    //声明结构数组和结构指针变量,并初始化
    human x[]={{"WeiPing",1,30},{"LiHua",1,25},{"LiuMin",0,23}},*p=NULL;

    //用下标变量的输出结构数组的元素
    for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
        cout<<x[i].name<<'\t';
        cout<<x[i].sex<<'\t';
        cout<<x[i].age<<endl;
    }
    cout<<"----------------"<<endl;

    //用结构指针输出结构数组的元素
    for (p=x;p<=&x[2];p++)
    {
        cout<<p->name<<'\t';
        cout<<p->sex<<'\t';
        cout<<p->age<<endl;
    }
}

6、

#include<iostream.h>
main()
{
    //定义date结构
    struct date
    {
       int year;
       int month;
       int day;
    };

    //定义baby结构
    struct baby {
        int    num;
        float   weight;
        date   birthday;   // date为结构类型 
    }; 

    //声明baby结构变量并初始化
    baby b1={10001,10,{2002,12,25}};

    //下列是baby结构变量b1的引用。
    cout<<"b1.num="<<b1.num<<endl;
    cout<<"b1.weight="<<b1.weight<<endl;
    cout<<"b1.birthday.year="<<b1.birthday.year<<endl;
    cout<<"b1.birthday.month="<<b1.birthday.month<<endl;
    cout<<"b1.birthday.day="<<b1.birthday.day<<endl;
    cout<<"--------------------------"<<endl;

    //声明baby结构变量temp,并进行赋值运算
    baby temp;
    temp=b1;
    cout<<"temp.num="<<temp.num<<endl;
    cout<<"temp.weight="<<temp.weight<<endl;
    cout<<"temp.birthday.year="<<temp.birthday.year<<endl;
    cout<<"temp.birthday.month="<<temp.birthday.month<<endl;
    cout<<"temp.birthday.day="<<temp.birthday.day<<endl;
}