1.1HttpClient介绍
HTTP 协议可能是现在 Internet 上使用得最多、最重要的协议了,越来越多的 Java 应用程序需要直接通过 HTTP 协议来访问网络资源。虽然在 JDK 的 java net包中已经提供了访问 HTTP 协议的基本功能,但是对于大部分应用程序来说,JDK 库本身提供的功能还不够丰富和灵活。HttpClient 是 Apache Jakarta Common 下的子项目,用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本和建议。HttpClient 已经应用在很多的项目中,比如 Apache Jakarta 上很著名的另外两个开源项目 Cactus 和 HTMLUnit 都使用了 HttpClient。现在HttpClient最新版本为 HttpClient 4.5 .6(2015-09-11)
1.2 HttpClient入门案例
1.2.1 导入jar包
<!--添加httpClient jar包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
1.2.2 HttpClient入门案例
package com.jt.test;
import com.sun.scenario.effect.impl.sw.sse.SSEBlend_SRC_OUTPeer;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import java.io.IOException;
//@SpringBootTest //从spring容器中获取bean对象,之后完成测试业务.
public class TestHttpClient {
public class TestHttpClient {
/**
* 1.实例化HttpClient对象
* 2.定义远程访问的url地址
* 3.定义请求类型的对象
* 4.发起http请求,获取响应的结果
* 5.对返回值结果进行校验.获取真实的数据信息.
* */
@Test
public void testGet() throws IOException {
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//常见结果状态 200 404 406参数异常 500后端服务器异常 504超时 502访问的网址不存在
//获取状态码
int status = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if(status == 200){
//获取响应结果
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
}
@Test
public void testPost(String body) throws IOException {
HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://www.baidu.com";
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(body));
HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
//常见结果状态 200 404 406参数异常 500后端服务器异常 504超时 502访问的网址不存在
//获取状态码
int status = httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
if(status == 200){
//获取响应结果
HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity,"UTF-8");
System.out.println(result);
}
}
}
}