转自https://www.jianshu.com/p/8e2d400492c7
Bean的生命周期过程描述
我们先看一下Bean的生命周期过程中都会经历些什么,我先简单解释一下,后面我们通过源码进行详细解释。首先Spring在实例化Bean的时候,会先调用它的构造函数,进行Bean的实例化,然后进行Bean的初始化,Bean的初始化经过三个阶段初始化之前(applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization),其次是进行初始化(invokeInitMethods),最后是初始化之后(postProcessAfterInitialization),这就是Bean的初始化过程;然后就开始利用Bean进行业务逻辑处理,最后容器正常关闭,Spring开始销毁Bean,Bean的销毁过程相对比较简单,调用DisposableBeanAdapter.destroy()方法,该方法中有三个地方比较重要,分别触发Bean的生命周期方法,它们是:processor.postProcessBeforeDestruction(this.bean, this.beanName);
((DisposableBean) bean).destroy();
invokeCustomDestroyMethod(this.destroyMethod);
下面我把用图片来进行直观展示:
实例运行
User类,这里就是普通的一个Bean,用来添加到容器中,观察其生命周期
package com.itbofeng.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
public class User implements InitializingBean , DisposableBean {
private String name;
public User() {
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(constructor)");
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(setName/setAttribute)");
this.name = name;
}
@PostConstruct
public void postConstruct(){
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(postConstruct)");
}
//MainConfig中@Bean 的initMethod
public void initMethod(){
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(initMethod)");
}
//InitializingBean接口的方法afterPropertiesSet
@Override
public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(afterPropertiesSet)");
}
@PreDestroy
public void preDestroy(){
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(preDestroy)");
}
//DisposableBean接口的方法destroy
@Override
public void destroy() throws Exception {
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(destroy)");
}
//MainConfig中@Bean 的destroyMethod
public void destroyMethod(){
System.out.println("调用Bean的函数(destroyMethod)");
}
}
CustomBeanPostProcessor类,用来观察BeanPostProcessor的运行时期,需要注意的是:
当一个BeanPostProcessor的实现类注册到Spring IOC容器后,对于该Spring IOC容器所创建的每个bean实例在初始化方法(如afterPropertiesSet和任意已声明的init方法)调用前,将会调用BeanPostProcessor中的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,而在bean实例初始化方法调用完成后,则会调用BeanPostProcessor中的postProcessAfterInitialization方法,整个调用顺序可以简单示意如下:
--> Spring IOC容器实例化Bean
--> 调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法
--> 调用bean实例的初始化方法
--> 调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization方法
可以看到,Spring容器通过BeanPostProcessor给了我们一个机会对Spring管理的bean进行再加工。比如:我们可以修改bean的属性,可以给bean生成一个动态代理实例等等。一些Spring AOP的底层处理也是通过实现BeanPostProcessor来执行代理包装逻辑的。
package com.itbofeng.bean;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class CustomBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Nullable
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if(bean.getClass()==User.class){
System.out.println("调用postProcessBeforeInitialization...");
}
return bean;
}
@Nullable
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
if(bean.getClass()==User.class){
System.out.println("调用postProcessAfterInitialization...");
}
return bean;
}
}
MainConfig类,SpringBoot程序运行的主类,并将User和CustomBeanPostProcessor 加入到容器中
package com.itbofeng;
import com.itbofeng.bean.User;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class MainConfig {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MainConfig.class,args);
}
@Bean(initMethod = "initMethod",destroyMethod = "destroyMethod")
public User user(){
return new User();
}
}
运行结果