gin是作为golang web开发中被广泛使用到的框架,了解其内部的实现有助于我们更好地理解gin的设计思想。
这篇文章主要探讨两个问题。
- http请求如何流转到gin
- gin为什么比golang的http路由寻找更快
开始之前我们先来看看分别用golang原生的http包实现一个http服务和使用gin实现的代码,先看看原生http包实现的http服务
package main
import (
"net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/ping", func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
writer.Write([]byte(`{"message":"ok"}`))
})
http.ListenAndServe(":9090", nil)
}
这段代码做了两件事情,注册路由、启动服务监听9090端口。接下来我们对这段代码进一步分析,在第8行的地方是将路由/ping和对应的处理函数注册到http服务中,我们进入http.HandleFunc()函数看看该函数做了什么事情。
// HandleFunc registers the handler function for the given pattern
// in the DefaultServeMux.
// The documentation for ServeMux explains how patterns are matched.
func HandleFunc(pattern string, handler func(ResponseWriter, *Request)) {
DefaultServeMux.HandleFunc(pattern, handler)
}
将路由和处理函数注册到了DefaultServeMux中,所以我们先看看DefaultServeMux的结构是什么。
type ServeMux struct {
mu sync.RWMutex
m map[string]muxEntry
es []muxEntry // slice of entries sorted from longest to shortest.
hosts bool // whether any patterns contain hostnames
}
type muxEntry struct {
h Handler
pattern string
}
// NewServeMux allocates and returns a new ServeMux.
func NewServeMux() *ServeMux {
return new(ServeMux) }
// DefaultServeMux is the default ServeMux used by Serve.
var DefaultServeMux = &defaultServeMux
var defaultServeMux ServeMux
第17行代码就是刚刚用来注册http路由的服务,通过第19行代码知道了他是一个ServeMux类型。知道了DefaultServeMux的类型我们接着看具体的实现代码。
// HandleFunc registers the handler function for the given pattern.
func (mux *ServeMux) HandleFunc(pattern string, handler func(ResponseWriter, *Request)) {
if handler == nil {
panic("http: nil handler")
}
mux.Handle(pattern, HandlerFunc(handler))
}
// Handle registers the handler for the given pattern.
// If a handler already exists for pattern, Handle panics.
func (mux *ServeMux) Handle(pattern string, handler Handler) {
mux.mu.Lock()
defer mux.mu.Unlock()
if pattern == "" {
panic("http: invalid pattern")
}
if handler == nil {
panic("http: nil handler")
}
if _, exist := mux.m[pattern]; exist {
panic("http: multiple registrations for " + pattern)
}
if mux.m == nil {
mux.m = make(map[string]muxEntry)
}
e := muxEntry{
h: handler, pattern: pattern}
mux.m[pattern] = e
if pattern[len(pattern)-1] == '/' {
mux.es = appendSorted(mux.es, e)
}
if pattern[0] != '/' {
mux.hosts = true
}
}
主要的代码就是第29行,这里将路由和处理函数保存在了ServeMux的m中,通过前面的代码我们知道m是一个map,到这里路由注册的过程就分析完了。接下来我们来看看 http.ListenAndServe()做了什么事情。
// ListenAndServe listens on the TCP network address srv.Addr and then
// calls Serve to handle requests on incoming connections.
// Accepted connections are configured to enable TCP keep-alives.
//
// If srv.Addr is blank, ":http" is used.
//
// ListenAndServe always returns a non-nil error. After Shutdown or Close,
// the returned error is ErrServerClosed.
func (srv *Server) ListenAndServe() error {
if srv.shuttingDown() {
return ErrServerClosed
}
addr := srv.Addr
if addr == "" {
addr = ":http"
}
ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return srv.Serve(ln)
}
第22行就是真正开始启动http服务,并接受请求的函数。第17行创建了主动套接字并监听套接字,接着我们进入Serve()函数。
func (srv *Server) Serve(l net.Listener) error {
if fn := testHookServerServe; fn != nil {
fn(srv, l) // call hook with unwrapped listener
}
origListener := l
l = &onceCloseListener{
Listener: l}
defer l.Close()
if err := srv.setupHTTP2_Serve(); err != nil {
return err
}
if !srv.trackListener(&l, true) {
return ErrServerClosed
}
defer srv.trackListener(&l, false)
baseCtx := context.Background()
if srv.BaseContext != nil {
baseCtx = srv.BaseContext(origListener)
if baseCtx == nil {
panic("BaseContext returned a nil context")
}
}
var tempDelay time.Duration // how long to sleep on accept failure
ctx := context.WithValue(baseCtx, ServerContextKey, srv)
for {
rw, err