centos7.3中RPM方式安装mysql5.7(附加centos6)

本文介绍了如何在CentOS 7.3和6.5上通过RPM包安装MySQL 5.7,包括下载适合的RPM安装包,解决依赖问题,初始化数据库,启动数据库,设置开机启动,查找并修改默认密码,以及允许远程访问的过程。在安装过程中,需注意处理可能存在的冲突和缺少的依赖库。
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首先去下载rpm安装包:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/,选择红帽linux64位版。然后上传到服务器中。

[root@cs mysql]# ls
mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-embedded-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm         mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm               mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm        mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm   mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm   mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  mysql-community-test-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

接下来就是安装了,如果是普通用户需要sudo权限,并在执行命令前加sudo。如果安装过mysql先用命令卸载掉相关的包。rpm安装是有依赖关系的所以我们要按照顺序进行安装:

[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
	file /usr/share/mysql/czech/errmsg.sys from install of mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 conflicts with file from package mariadb-libs-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

提示和我们安装的有冲突,我们找到这个包并卸载掉:

[root@cs mysql]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64
[root@cs mysql]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

再次安装:

[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
	libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
	libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
	libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64

提示安装失败,这是因为我们少这个依赖库,用yum进行安装(centos6.5的则还可能缺少一个库,也需要安装一下 yum install numactl ):

[root@cs mysql]# yum install libaio
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                                         Arch                                                            Version                                                                  Repository                                                     Size
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
 libaio                                                          x86_64                                                          0.3.109-13.el7                                                           base                                                           24 k

Transaction Summary
==============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 24 k
Installed size: 38 k
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |  24 kB  00:00:00     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
** Found 2 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows:
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)
2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64 has missing requires of libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)
  Installing : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1/1 
  Verifying  : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                                                                                               1/1 

Installed:
  libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

Complete!

再次安装:

[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@cs mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.2################################# [100%]

到此,安装完成。然后我们进行初始化数据库,因为我是root安装的所以想要指定一个mysql用,用mysql启动。根据自己的需要也可以不加。初始化:

[root@cs mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

启动数据库并:

[root@cs mysql]# systemctl start mysqld

设置开机自动启动并查看是否设置成功:

[root@cs mysql]# systemctl enable mysqld
[root@cs mysql]# systemctl is-enabled mysqld
enabled

因为mysql5.7的会有一个随机密码在日志中生成,我们查找一下,密码这语句的最后:

[root@cs mysql]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2017-11-17T08:05:05.411354Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ret6HK7sab<a

然后我们就可以用密码登陆数据库,并修改密码或增加远程访问权限了:

set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('666666');
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'name'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

小写部分为修改密码;大写部分为设置远程登陆权限。大功告成!

centos6需要上传6版本的安装包。首先强制卸载原来的库文件:

[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64
error: Failed dependencies:
	libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
	libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
	mysql-libs is needed by (installed) postfix-2:2.6.6-8.el6.x86_64
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -e --nodeps  mysql-libs-5.1.73-8.el6_8.x86_64

再依次进行安装:

[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-common ########################################### [100%]
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-libs   ########################################### [100%]
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-client ########################################### [100%]
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-server ########################################### [100%]
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-community-libs-co########################################### [100%]

进行初始化,开启数据库,查看密码并进入,然后就可以修改密码并设置远程连接了:

[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# service mysql start
mysql: unrecognized service
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]# service mysqld start
Starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@iZ2zehuxtbd86xnzo2i9bbZ ~]#  grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-11-06T01:31:36.283902Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Lp)*jHPd2eIC
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