上一章已经讲到了服务提供者和Eureka。下面我们就搭建服务消费者,结合Ribbon负载均衡,来实现调用。
一、创建用户表
在原先的8001工程下面,创建用户表
sql语句
CREATE TABLE `sys_user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`password` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `myspring`.`sys_user`(`id`, `name`, `password`) VALUES (1, 'admin', '123');
INSERT INTO `myspring`.`sys_user`(`id`, `name`, `password`) VALUES (2, 'jitwxs', '123');
然后在8001的工程里面建立model
package springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.model;
import lombok.Data;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 用户表
*/
@Data
public class SysUser implements Serializable {
static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String password;
}
然后是dao层
package springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.dao;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.model.SysUser;
/**
* 用户mapper
*/
@Mapper
public interface SysUserMapper {
@Select("SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE id = #{id}")
SysUser selectById(Integer id);
@Select("SELECT * FROM sys_user WHERE name = #{name}")
SysUser selectByName(String name);
}
service层
package springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.dao.SysUserMapper;
import springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.model.SysUser;
@Service
public class SysUserService {
@Autowired
private SysUserMapper userMapper;
public SysUser selectById(Integer id) {
return userMapper.selectById(id);
}
public SysUser selectByName(String name) {
return userMapper.selectByName(name);
}
}
最后是controller层
package springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.model.SysUser;
import springcloudproviderdept8001.providerdept8001.example.service.SysUserService;
@RestController
public class ActiveController {
@Autowired
private SysUserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/active")
public SysUser showLogin(Integer id) {
return userService.selectById(id);
}
}
好。下面我们新建一个服务消费者,来调用8001提供的服务
在父工程下面,新建一个服务消费者 9001。创建的步骤跟之前8001的是一样的。
pom.xml配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>springcloud-parent</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-parent-new</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<groupId>consumer-ribbon</groupId>
<artifactId>consumer-ribbon-9001</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>consumer-ribbon-9001</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
在启动类上面加上@EnableEurekaClient 和注入一个RestTemplate,并用@LoadBalanced注解开启负载均衡(这里我们的服务提供者Provider只是单实例,后面会建立多实例,来真正的体现Ribbon的负载均衡)
引用这边博文的一段话:https://www.jianshu.com/p/f6db3117864f
@EnableDiscoveryClient(有些人用这个注解,所以在这里说明一下)和@EnableEurekaClient,用法上基本一致。
Spring Cloud中Discovery Service有许多种实现(Eureka、Consul、Zookeeper等等),@EnableDiscoveryClient基于spring-cloud-commons, @EnableEurekaClient基于spring-cloud-netflix。
其实用更简单的话来说,就是如果选用的注册中心是Eureka,那么就推荐@EnableEurekaClient,如果是其他的注册中心,那么推荐使用@EnableDiscoveryClient。
package consumerribbon.consumerribbon9001;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class ConsumerRibbon9001Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ConsumerRibbon9001Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
application.yml 配置
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka/
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: consumer-ribbon
然后我们建立controller层,来实现调用8001的服务
package consumerribbon.consumerribbon9001.example.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
@ResponseBody
public String showLogin(Integer id) {
String url = "http://springcloud-provider-dept-8001/active?id="+id;
return restTemplate.getForObject(url,String.class);
}
}
这里我们的调用方式是Ribbon+RestTemplate,在Spring Cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是Ribbon+RestTemplate,另一种是Feign,Feign注解化更方便使用(后面再讲解)。
RestTemplate是Spring提供的可以提供访问rest服务的客户端工具类,提供多种快捷的访问远程的方法,大大提高了客户端的编程效率。解放了原先HttpClient的复杂提交,java中调用RESTFul服务很典型的是使用HttpClient,对于常用的REST操作,这些方法属于低等级的操作。使用HttpClient我们需要自己封装Post请求,再根据响应的状态码判断从响应中获取header和body,有时候还需要自己做json转换。
启动9001的工程
可以看到9001已经注册进来了,上面的红色字体是Eureka的一种保护机制,这里先不用管。然后我们输入地址访问,
http://localhost:9001/consumer?id=1
这时9001就会去调用8001的服务,然后返回数据。