一.创建maven工程
1.file-new-project-Maven,按照图中的选择,next
2.填写工程名称,并选择工程存放地址,如图工程名为study02,存于F:\code\study\study02中
3.maven的配置,如下图一所示可是使用默认地址的maven,也可以配置本地的maven路径,如图二所示。User settings file是选择本地maven安装路径中的settings.xml的路径,local repository配置的是maven仓库的路径,即通过maven 依赖下载的包所存放的位置。
需要说明的是,由于maven的settings.xml配置文件没有配置镜像,可能会导致在依赖下载失败,可以在修改settings.xml中的镜像地址,加入阿里云的镜像地址
<mirrors>
<!-- mirror
| Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
| this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
| for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
|
<mirror>
<id>mirrorId</id>
<mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
<name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
<url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
</mirror>
-->
<!-- <mirror>
<id>maven-default-http-blocker</id>
<mirrorOf>external:http:*</mirrorOf>
<name>Pseudo repository to mirror external repositories initially using HTTP.</name>
<url>http://0.0.0.0/</url>
<blocked>true</blocked>
</mirror> -->
<mirror>
<id>alimaven</id>
<name>aliyun maven</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
<mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
</mirror>
</mirrors>
4.点击finish,IDEA将创建该maven工程,如出现以下状态,则代表创建成功
5.创建后的工程目录如下所示
在该目录中,需要在src/main下新建两个文件夹,分别是java和test,并在project structure的Modules中j将java文件目录标记为Sources,将test文件目录标记为Test,将resources标记为Resources。选择java目录,点击Mark as: Sources即可将java目录标记为源目录,放的是Java源码,Test放的是测试的源码,Resources放的是资源文件,Test Resources放的是测试使用的资源文件,Excluded是排除项(比如编译后的trarget目录)
完整的目录结构如下所示,这样做只是根据习惯,为了能让工程更加的清晰,方便。
二. 引入依赖
在pom.xml中配置依赖,在中写入需要引入的依赖,maven会根据依赖自动下载包,若工程未及时引入依赖,可以点击右上角的maven刷新。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- $Id: pom.xml 642118 2008-03-28 08:04:16Z reinhard $ -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>study01</name>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>study01</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring.version>5.0.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.4</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jetty-plugin</artifactId>
<version>6.1.7</version>
<configuration>
<connectors>
<connector implementation="org.mortbay.jetty.nio.SelectChannelConnector">
<port>8888</port>
<maxIdleTime>30000</maxIdleTime>
</connector>
</connectors>
<webAppSourceDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${pom.artifactId}-${pom.version}</webAppSourceDirectory>
<contextPath>/</contextPath>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 第一部分:Spring 配置-->
<!-- Spring core -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring DAO -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring mvc -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 第二部分:Servlet web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.9.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 第三部分:数据库和mybatis -->
<!-- 数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.38</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 数据库连接池 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis-spring整合包 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 第四部分:日志 -->
<!-- 实现slf4j接口并整合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--导入日志依赖包-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/log4j/log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入json的依赖包-->
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
<artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
<classifier>jdk15</classifier>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.7.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>net.sf.ezmorph</groupId>
<artifactId>ezmorph</artifactId>
<version>1.0.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
3.配置文件
3.1 配置web.xml文件
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
version="3.1" metadata-complete="true">
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置springMVC需要加载的配置文件
spring-dao.xml,spring-service.xml,spring-mvc.xml
Mybatis - > spring -> springmvc
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!-- 默认匹配所有的请求 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>utf-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
3.2 配置spring-dao.xml,spring-service.xml,spring-mvc,xml,这三个配置文件放于resource-spring文件夹下。
3.2.1 spring-mvc.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
<!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解模式 -->
<!-- 简化配置:
(1)自动注册DefaultAnootationHandlerMapping,AnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
(2)提供一些列:数据绑定,数字和日期的format @NumberFormat, @DateTimeFormat, xml,json默认读写支持
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置
(1)加入对静态资源的处理:js,gif,png
(2)允许使用"/"做整体映射
-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
<!--<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.controller"/>
</beans>
3.2.2 spring-service.xml 配置service层
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 扫描service包下所有使用注解的类型 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.service"/>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置基于注解的声明式事务 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
3.2.3 配置spring-dao.xml层 :配置与数据库的连接等,除此以外涉及到mybatis的配置文件,以及数据库的配置jdbc.properties
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置整合mybatis过程 -->
<!-- 1.配置数据库相关参数properties的属性:${url} -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"/>
<!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
<!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
<!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
<!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="30"/>
<property name="preferredTestQuery" value="SELECT 1"/>
<property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="18000"/>
<property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="true"/>
</bean>
<!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
<!-- 扫描pojo包 使用别名 -->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.pojo"/>
<!-- 扫描sql配置文件:mapper需要的xml文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"/>
</bean>
<!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口,注入到spring容器中 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.dao"/>
</bean>
<context:annotation-config></context:annotation-config>
</beans>
mybatis-config.xml,用于配置mybatis
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 配置全局属性 -->
<settings>
<!-- 使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys获取数据库自增主键值 -->
<setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true"/>
<!-- 使用列别名替换列名 默认:true -->
<setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true"/>
<!-- 开启驼峰命名转换:Table{create_time} -> Entity{createTime} -->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
<!-- 设置MyBatis的一级缓存为STATEMENT级别,在查询时,会清空缓存 还可以在select语句查询后添加flushCache="true" 实现同样的功能-->
<!-- MyBatis 利用本地缓存机制(Local Cache)防止循环引用(circular references)和加速重复嵌套查询。
默认值为 SESSION,这种情况下会缓存一个会话中执行的所有查询。
若设置值为 STATEMENT,本地会话仅用在语句执行上,对相同 SqlSession 的不同调用将不会共享数据。-->
<setting name="localCacheScope" value="STATEMENT"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
jdbc.properties
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/student?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
#定义初始连接数
initialSize=0
#定义最大连接数
maxActive=20
#定义最大空闲
maxIdle=20
#定义最小空闲
minIdle=1
#定义最长等待时间
maxWait=60000
maxReconnects=3
在配置完全部配置文件后,工程的目录为:
4.代码
4.1 pojo包内,创建ClassInfo类,记录班级的属性,命名最好与数据库中班级信息表中的字段对应,命名方式参照驼峰命名的方式
package com.pojo;
public class ClassInfo {
private int id;
private String className;
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getClassName() {
return className;
}
public void setClassName(String className) {
this.className = className;
}
public ClassInfo(int id, String className) {
this.id = id;
this.className = className;
}
public ClassInfo() {
}
}
4.2 dao层 包括接口以及与之对应的mapper
在com.dao包下创建ClassInfoDao接口
package com.dao;
import com.pojo.ClassInfo;
public interface ClassInfoDao {
//插入班级名称
void insertClassInfo(ClassInfo classInfo);
//查询班级名称
ClassInfo getClassInfo(int id);
//删除班级
void deleteClassInfo(int id);
//编辑班级信息
void updateClassInfo(String className);
}
在ClassInfoMapper.xml中实现上述接口中的全部方法,该文件位于resource/mapper下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--namespace命名空间,为了对sql语句进行隔离,方便管理,mapper开发dao方式,使用namespace有特殊作用
mapper代理开发时将namespace指定为mapper接口的全限定名
-->
<mapper namespace="com.dao.ClassInfoDao">
<!--在mapper.xml文件中配置很多的sql语句,执行每个sql语句时,封装为MappedStatement对象
mapper.xml以statement为单位管理sql语句
-->
<insert id="insertClassInfo" parameterType="com.pojo.ClassInfo">
insert into classInfo (id,className) values (#{id},#{className});
</insert>
<select id="getClassInfo" resultType="com.pojo.ClassInfo">
select * from classInfo where id=#{id};
</select>
<delete id="deleteClassInfo" parameterType="int">
delete from student where id=#{id};
</delete>
<update id="updateClassInfo" parameterType="String">
update student set className=#{className};
</update>
</mapper>
4.3 service 业务逻辑层
在com.service包下创建ClassInfoService.java,需要注意,该类属于service层,在使用时需要给其加上注解,即@Service,,当需注入dao层的bean时,只需要使用@Resource和@Autowide其中,@Autowired与@Resource都可以用来装配bean. 都可以写在字段上,或写在setter方法上。
@Autowired默认按类型装配(这个注解是属业spring的),默认情况下必须要求依赖对象必须存在,如果要允许null值,可以设置它的required属性为false,如:@Autowired(required=false) ,如果我们想使用名称装配可以结合@Qualifier注解进行使用,如下:
@Autowired () @Qualifier ( "baseDao" )
private BaseDao baseDao;
@Resource(这个注解属于J2EE的),默认按照名称进行装配,名称可以通过name属性进行指定,如果没有指定name属性,当注解写在字段上时,默认取字段名进行安装名称查找,如果注解写在setter方法上默认取属性名进行装配。当找不到与名称匹配的bean时才按照类型进行装配。但是需要注意的是,如果name属性一旦指定,就只会按照名称进行装配。
@Resource (name= "baseDao" )
private BaseDao baseDao;
推荐使用:@Resource注解在字段上,这样就不用写setter方法了,并且这个注解是属于J2EE的,减少了与spring的耦合。这样代码看起就比较优雅
package com.service;
import com.constanst.ErrorMsg;
import com.dao.ClassInfoDao;
import com.pojo.AddClassInfoReq;
import com.pojo.AddClassInfoRsp;
import com.pojo.ClassInfo;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
@Transactional
public class ClassInfoService {
@Resource
ClassInfoDao classInfoDao;
/*保存业务逻辑错误信息字段*/
private String errMessage;
private int errCode;
public String getErrMessage() {
return this.errMessage;
}
public int getErrCde() {
return this.errCode;
}
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.NOT_SUPPORTED)
public void insertClassInfo(ClassInfo req) throws Exception {
classInfoDao.insertClassInfo(req);
this.errCode = ErrorMsg.ERR_CODE_SUCCESS;
this.errMessage = ErrorMsg.ERR_MSG_SUCCESS;
}
public ClassInfo getClassInfo(int id) throws Exception {
return classInfoDao.getClassInfo(id);
}
}
4.4 controller层
创建ClassInfoController
package com.controller;
import com.constanst.ErrorMsg;
import com.pojo.AddClassInfoReq;
import com.pojo.AddClassInfoRsp;
import com.pojo.ClassInfo;
import com.service.ClassInfoService;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/Class")
public class ClassInfoController {
private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(ClassInfoController.class);
@Resource
ClassInfoService classInfoService;
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)
//RequestBody将传输过来的对象映射为Java对象,要求字段名需要一致 不然会映射失败
public AddClassInfoRsp insertClassInfo(@RequestBody ClassInfo req) throws Exception {
AddClassInfoRsp rsp=new AddClassInfoRsp(ErrorMsg.ERR_CODE_SYSTEM,ErrorMsg.ERR_MSG_SYSTEM);
classInfoService.insertClassInfo(req);
rsp.setErrCode(classInfoService.getErrCde());
rsp.setErrDesc(classInfoService.getErrMessage());
return rsp;
}
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping(value = "/get", method = RequestMethod.POST)
//RequestBody将传输过来的对象映射为Java对象,要求字段名需要一致 不然会映射失败
public ClassInfo getClassInfo(int id) throws Exception {
return classInfoService.getClassInfo(id);
}
}
至此,一个最简单的demo就完成了,接下来需要对该接口进行测试
测试
测试工具:postman
打开postman,并在URL中输入http://localhost:8080/student/Class/add,同时选择post的方式,选择row-json的数据格式,并输入以下字段(与Controller中的输入对象保持一致
{
“id”:7,
“className”:“0001”
}
得到的返回结果是
{
“errCode”: 0,
“errDesc”: “”
}
表示请求成功,该接口测试通过