SpringCloud简介
Spring cloud是一个基于Spring Boot实现的服务治理工具包,在微服务架构中用于管理和协调服务的
微服务:就是把一个单体项目,拆分为多个微服务,每个微服务可以独立技术选型,独立开发,独立部署,独立运维.并且多个服务相互协调,相互配合,最终完成用户的价值.
Spring Cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用Spring Boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等,都可以用Spring Boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署
五大重要组件
服务发现——Netflix Eureka
客服端负载均衡——Netflix Ribbon/Feign
服务网关——Netflix Zuul
断路器——Netflix Hystrix
分布式配置——Spring Cloud Config
Spring cloud入门-搭建环境( 以maven多模块化的方法搭建)
1.创建Maven普通项目
最外层pom.xml:
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Finchley.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
<springboot.version>2.0.5.RELEASE</springboot.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${springboot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
2.Spring cloud-Eureka注册中心
Eureka是netflix的一个子模块,也是核心模块之一,Eureka是一个基于REST的服务,用于定位服务,以实现云端中间层服务发现和故障转移
服务注册与发现对于微服务架构来说是非常重要的,有了服务发现和注册,只需要使用服务的标识符,就可以访问到服务,而不需要修改服务,而不需要修改服务调用的配置文件了
1.创建Maven普通模块User_eureka_7001
2.导入jar包
<!--springboot支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--Eureka服务端支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.创建application.yml
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
client:
registerWithEureka: false #是否要注册到eureka
fetchRegistry: false #表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #单机配置
4.创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer//标识是eureka服务端
public class EnrekaServerApplication_7001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EnrekaServerApplication_7001.class);
}
}
5.启动入库类访问localhost:7001
3.Spring cloud-服务提供者
1.创建一个模块存放公共代码User_interface
例:
2.创建服务提供者模块User_provider_8001
3.导入jar包和公共模块依赖
<dependencies>
<!--公共代码依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.itsource.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>User_interface</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--springboot支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka客户端支持 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
4.创建application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: USER-PROVIDER #不要使用下划线
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka #告诉服务提供者要把服务注册到哪儿
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true #显示客户端真实ip
5.创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient //表示是eureka的客户端
public class UserProviderApplication_8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserProviderApplication_8001.class);
}
}
6.创建controller
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/provider")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private IUserService userService;
@RequestMapping("/user/{id}") //user/1
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
// 正常应该调用service获取用户,现在模拟一下
return new User(id, "zs");
}
}
4.Spring cloud-服务消费者
1.创建Maven模块项目 User_consumer_9001
2.导jar包和公共模块依赖
<!--公共代码依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.itsource.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>User_interface</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--springboot支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.创建application.yml
server:
port: 9001
spring:
application:
name: USER_CONSUMER
4.创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class UserConsumerAppliction_9001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserConsumerAppliction_9001.class);
}
}
5.创建一个配置bean的类CfgBean
@Configuration // <beans></beans>
public class CfgBean {
@Bean //<bean class="org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate"></bean>
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
6.创建Controller层
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class UserController {
//多个方法调用只需改一处就ok
public static final String URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
//调用远程服务 http请求
String url = URL_PREFIX+"/provider/user/"+id;
return restTemplate.getForObject(url,User.class );
}
}
Spring cloud入门加强-注册中心集群
如果只有一个注册中心服务器,会存在单点故障所以要集群
1.搭建集群
1.映射hosts 模拟域名解析 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc
127.0.0.1 eureka-7001.com
127.0.0.1 eureka-7002.com
2.创建User_eureka_7002 ,与7001一样
3.配置yml
7001项目的application.yml
server:
port: 7001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka-7001.com
client:
registerWithEureka: false #是否要注册到eureka
fetchRegistry: false #表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
serviceUrl:
#defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #单机配置
defaultZone: http://eureka-7002.com:7002/eureka/ #集群配置,如果有多个,有逗号分割,不要包含自己
7002项目的application.yml
server:
port: 7002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: eureka-7002.com
client:
registerWithEureka: false #是否要注册到eureka
fetchRegistry: false #表示是否从Eureka Server获取注册信息
serviceUrl:
#defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/ #单机配置
defaultZone: http://eureka-7001.com:7001/eureka/ #集群配置,如果有多个,有逗号分割,不要包含自己
4.启动测试
5.服务提供者8001的yml修改
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: user-provider #不要使用下划线
eureka:
client:
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka #告诉服务提供者要把服务注册到哪儿
defaultZone: http://eureka-7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka-7002.com:7002/eureka
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true #显示客户端真实ip
2.Spring cloud入门加强-服务消费者(负载均衡)
为了提供并发量,有时同一个服务提供者可以部署多个。这个客户端在调用时要根据一定的负责均衡策略完成负载调用
Spring cloud中常见负载均衡实现技术
1.Ribbon负载均衡
Ribbon是Netflix发布的云中间层服务开源项目,主要功能是提供客户端负载均衡算法。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项,如,连接超时,重试等
1.创建项目 User_provider_8002,并注册到注册中心
2.User_consumer_9001导入ribbon的jar包
<!--客户端负载均衡实现 ribbon-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
3.修改User_consumer_9001的yml
server:
port: 9001
eureka:
client:
registerWithEureka: false #不注册到Eureka,不在注册中心显示
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka-7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka-7002.com:7002/eureka
4.启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class UserConsumerApplicaton_9001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserConsumerApplicaton_9001.class);
}
}
5.修改User_consumer_9001的config包的CfgBean类
@Configuration
public class CfgBean {
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //开启负载均衡
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
6.修改Controller
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class UserController {
//多个方法调用只需改一处就ok
//public static final String URL_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8001";
public static final String URL_PREFIX ="http://USER-PROVIDER"; //通过服务名从注册中心获取服务列表,通过负载均衡调用
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
//调用远程服务 http请求
String url = URL_PREFIX+"/provider/user/"+id;
return restTemplate.getForObject(url,User.class );
}
}
2.Feign负载均衡
前面的可以发现当我们通过RestTemplate调用其它服务的API时,所需要的参数须在请求的URL中进行拼接,如果参数少的话或许我们还可以忍受,一旦有多个参数的话,这时拼接请求字符串就会效率低下,并且显得好傻
Feign是以接口方式进行调用,而不是通过RestTemplate来调用,feign底层还是ribbo,它进行了封装,
1.创建 User_consum_9002模块
2.到jar包
<dependencies>
<!--公共代码依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.itsource.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>User_interface</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--springboot支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--eureka客户端,服务消费者也要从注册中心获取可用服务列表-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--feign的支持-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
3.创建application.yml
server:
port: 9002
eureka:
client:
registerWithEureka: false #不注册到Eureka,不在注册中心显示
service-url:
#defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
defaultZone: http://eureka-7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka-7002.com:7002/eureka
4.创建启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = "cn.itsource.microservice") //不在当前包下面
public class UserConsumerFeign9002Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(UserConsumerFeign9002Application.class, args);
}
}
5.创建一个接口来调用服务
//调用服务名字
@FeignClient(value = "USER-PROVIDER")
public interface UserCilent {
@RequestMapping("/provider/user/{id}") //user/1
User getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
6.Controller层
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/consumer")
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserCilent userCilent;
@RequestMapping("/user/{id}")
public User getUser(@PathVariable("id")Long id){
System.out.println(userCilent.getClass());
return userCilent.getUser(id);
}
}
原文链接
https://blog.csdn.net/June_FlyingFrost/article/details/89790656