18 - 代理模式 - 结构模式

参考：设计模式之禅

1. 例子

public interface IGamePlayer {
    void login(String username,String password);
    void killBoss();
    void upgrade();
}

public class GamePlayer implements IGamePlayer {
    private String username;

    public GamePlayer(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    @Override
    public void login(String username, String password) {
        System.out.println(username + " login");
    }

    @Override
    public void killBoss() {
        System.out.println(username + " kill boss");
    }

    @Override
    public void upgrade() {
        System.out.println(username + " upgrade");
    }
}

public class GamePlayerProxy implements IGamePlayer {
    private IGamePlayer gamePlayer;

    public GamePlayerProxy(IGamePlayer gamePlayer) {
        this.gamePlayer = gamePlayer;
    }

    @Override
    public void login(String username, String password) {
        this.gamePlayer.login(username, password);
    }

    @Override
    public void killBoss() {
        this.gamePlayer.killBoss();
    }

    @Override
    public void upgrade() {
        this.gamePlayer.upgrade();
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GamePlayer zhangsan = new GamePlayer("zhangsan");
        GamePlayerProxy gamePlayerProxy = new GamePlayerProxy(zhangsan);
        gamePlayerProxy.login("zhangsan","password");
        gamePlayerProxy.killBoss();
        gamePlayerProxy.upgrade();
    }
}

2. 定义

Proxy Pattern provide a surrogate or placeholder for another object to control access to it, 为其他对象提供一个代理以控制对这个对象的访问。

• Subject抽象主题角色，可以是接口或抽象类；
• RealSubject，被代理角色，业务逻辑的具体执行者；
• Proxy，代理类

3. 应用

3.1 优点

• 职责清晰，被代理类负责具体业务逻辑，不管其他；
• 高扩展性，被代理类可以随时被替换，只要实现接口即可，代理类不用修改；
• 智能化。

3.2 具体应用

Spring的AOP。

4. 扩展

4.1 普通代理

客户端只能返回代理角色，不能访问真实角色。改造两种的构造函数即可。

4.2 强制代理

只能通过真实觉得找到代理角色，好比我找某个明星谈代言的事，明星说我很忙，请找我的经纪人谈。

4.3 代理有个性

可以在目标对象方法基础上作增强，例如在升级的时候收钱。

4.4 动态代理

AOP，面向切面编程，其实现的基础就是动态代理。动态代理指在实现阶段不关心代理谁，而是在运行的时候指定代理哪个对象。

InvocationHandler是JDK提供的动态代理接口。

public interface IGamePlayer {
    void login(String username,String password);
    void killBoss();
    void upgrade();
}
public class GamePlayer implements IGamePlayer {
    private String username;

    public GamePlayer(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    @Override
    public void login(String username, String password) {
        System.out.println(username + " login");
    }

    @Override
    public void killBoss() {
        System.out.println(username + " kill boss");
    }

    @Override
    public void upgrade() {
        System.out.println(username + " upgrade");
    }
}

public class GamePlayerIH implements InvocationHandler {

    private Object object;

    public GamePlayerIH(Object object) {
        this.object = object;
    }

    @Override
    public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        return method.invoke(this.object, args);
    }
}

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GamePlayer zhangsan = new GamePlayer("zhangsan");
        GamePlayerIH gamePlayerIH = new GamePlayerIH(zhangsan);
        ClassLoader classLoader = zhangsan.getClass().getClassLoader();
        IGamePlayer proxyInstance = (IGamePlayer) Proxy.newProxyInstance(classLoader, new Class[]{IGamePlayer.class}, gamePlayerIH);
        proxyInstance.login("zhangsan","password");
        proxyInstance.killBoss();
        proxyInstance.upgrade();
    }
}

4.5 动态代理通用类图

5. 参考资料

• https://refactoringguru.cn/design-patterns/proxy