一、lock与sync的区别
1. Lock是一个接口,而synchronized是Java中的关键字,synchronized是内置的语言实现,Lock是代码层面的实现。
2. Lock可以选择性的获取锁,如果一段时间获取不到,可以放弃。synchronized不行,会一根筋一直获取下去。 借助Lock的这个特性,就能够规避死锁,synchronized必须通过谨慎和良好的设计,才能减少死锁的发生。
3. synchronized在发生异常和同步块结束的时候,会自动释放锁。而Lock必须手动释放, 所以如果忘记了释放锁,一样会造成死锁。
二、例子使用
1、sync
package com.oyhp.lock;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class TestThreadSynchronized {
public static String now(){
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Object someObject = new Object();
Thread t1 = new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println(now() + " t1 线程已经运行");
System.out.println(now() + " " + this.getName() +
" 试图占有对象: someObject");
synchronized (someObject) {
System.out.println(now() + " " + this.getName() +
" 占有对象:someObject");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(now() + " " + this.getName() +
" 释放对象:someObject");
}
System.out.println(now() + " t1线程结束");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
Thread t2 = new Thread(){
public void run(){
try {
System.out.println(now() + " t2 线程已经运行");
System.out.println(now() + " " + this.getName() +
" 试图占有对象: someObject");
synchronized (someObject) {
System.out.println(now() + " " + this.getName() +
" 占有对象:someObject");
Thread.sleep(5000);
System.out.println(now() + " " + this.getName() +
" 释放对象:someObject");
System.out.println(now() + " t2线程结束");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}
2、lock
package com.oyhp.lock;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestThreadLock {
public static String now(){
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void log(String msg){
System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now(),Thread.currentThread().getName(),msg);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
Thread t2 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}
3、trylock
package com.oyhp.lock;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestTryLock {
public static String now(){
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void log(String msg){
System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now(),Thread.currentThread().getName(),msg);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Thread t1 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
boolean locked = false;
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if(locked){
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
}else{
log("经过1秒的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(locked){
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
Thread t2 = new Thread(){
@Override
public void run() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
boolean locked = false;
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
if(locked){
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
}else{
log("经过1秒的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(locked){
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}
4、线程交互
package com.oyhp.lock;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
public class TestThread {
public static String now(){
return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date());
}
public static void log(String msg){
System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now(),Thread.currentThread().getName(),msg);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
log("临时释放对象 lock, 并等待");
condition.await();
log("重新占有对象 lock,并进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t1.setName("t1");
t1.start();
try {
//先让t1飞2秒
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e1) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e1.printStackTrace();
}
Thread t2 = new Thread() {
public void run() {
try {
log("线程启动");
log("试图占有对象:lock");
lock.lock();
log("占有对象:lock");
log("进行5秒的业务操作");
Thread.sleep(5000);
log("唤醒等待中的线程");
condition.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
log("释放对象:lock");
lock.unlock();
}
log("线程结束");
}
};
t2.setName("t2");
t2.start();
}
}