getResourceAsStream加载资源文件

Java中的getResourceAsStream有以下几种： 

1. Class.getResourceAsStream(String path) 

path 不以’/'开头时默认是从此类所在的包下取资源，以’/'开头则是从ClassPath根下获取。其只是通过path构造一个绝对路径，最终还是由ClassLoader获取资源。 

当资源文件和类在同一级目录时，加不加/都可以。否则必须加/

Class.getResourceAsStream(String path)最终调用ClassLoader中的：

public static InputStream getSystemResourceAsStream(String name) 

2. Class.getClassLoader.getResourceAsStream(String path) 

默认则是从ClassPath根下获取，path不能以’/'开头，最终是由ClassLoader获取资源。 

public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) 

资源目录结构：

test文件夹设置为Resource Folder

idea中：Project Setting

如果设置为Sources 结果不太一样 （当资源文件和类在同一级目录时，CLassLoader加不加/都获取不到）

eclipse中有点build path--use Source folder 

 

package com.learn;

import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * @Description （class和ClassLoader）getResourceAsStream加载资源文件测试
 * @Author shixiaofei
 * @Date 2019/7/27 21:56
 * @Version 1.0
 */
public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("1.test文件夹已设置为Resource Folder,资源文件在test目录中");
        demo1();
        System.out.println("2.资源文件在src目录下");
        demo2();
        System.out.println("3.资源文件和类在同一目录");
        demo3();
        System.out.println("4.资源在src根目录下");
        demo4();
    }

    /**
     * 1.test文件夹已设置为Resource Folder
     */
    private static void demo1() {

        InputStream resourceAsStream1 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("te.properties");
        String message1 = resourceAsStream1 == null ? "ClassLoader(不+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message1);

        InputStream resourceAsStream2 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/te.properties");
        String message2 = resourceAsStream2 == null ? "ClassLoader(+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message2);

        InputStream resourceAsStream3 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("te.properties");
        String message3 = resourceAsStream3 == null ? "class(不+/)获取不到" : "class(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message3);

        InputStream resourceAsStream4 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("/te.properties");
        String message4 = resourceAsStream4 == null ? "class(+/)获取不到" : "class(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message4);

    }

    /**
     * 2.资源文件在src目录下的config文件夹中
     */
    private static void demo2() {
        InputStream resourceAsStream1 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config/mysql2.properties");
        String message1 = resourceAsStream1 == null ? "ClassLoader(不+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message1);

        InputStream resourceAsStream2 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/config/mysql2.properties");
        String message2 = resourceAsStream2 == null ? "ClassLoader(+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message2);

        InputStream resourceAsStream3 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("config/mysql2.properties");
        String message3 = resourceAsStream3 == null ? "class(不+/)获取不到" : "class(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message3);

        InputStream resourceAsStream4 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("/config/mysql2.properties");
        String message4 = resourceAsStream4 == null ? "class(+/)获取不到" : "class(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message4);
    }

    /**
     * 3.资源文件和类在同一目录
     */
    private static void demo3() {

        InputStream resourceAsStream1 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mysql.properties");
        String message1 = resourceAsStream1 == null ? "ClassLoader(不+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message1);

        InputStream resourceAsStream2 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/mysql.properties");
        String message2 = resourceAsStream2 == null ? "ClassLoader(+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message2);

        InputStream resourceAsStream3 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("mysql.properties");
        String message3 = resourceAsStream3 == null ? "class(不+/)获取不到" : "class(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message3);

        InputStream resourceAsStream4 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("/mysql.properties");
        String message4 = resourceAsStream4 == null ? "class(+/)获取不到" : "class(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message4);
    }

    /**
     * 资源在src根目录下
     */
    private static void demo4() {

        InputStream resourceAsStream1 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mysql3.properties");
        String message1 = resourceAsStream1 == null ? "ClassLoader(不+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message1);

        InputStream resourceAsStream2 = Demo.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("/mysql3.properties");
        String message2 = resourceAsStream2 == null ? "ClassLoader(+/)获取不到" : "ClassLoader(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message2);

        InputStream resourceAsStream3 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("mysql3.properties");
        String message3 = resourceAsStream3 == null ? "class(不+/)获取不到" : "class(不+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message3);

        InputStream resourceAsStream4 = Demo.class.getResourceAsStream("/mysql3.properties");
        String message4 = resourceAsStream4 == null ? "class(+/)获取不到" : "class(+/)可以获取";
        System.out.println("\t" + message4);
    }
}

输出结果：

1.test文件夹已设置为Resource Folder,资源文件在test目录中
    ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取
    ClassLoader(+/)获取不到
    class(不+/)获取不到
    class(+/)可以获取
2.资源文件在src目录下
    ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取
    ClassLoader(+/)获取不到
    class(不+/)获取不到
    class(+/)可以获取
3.资源文件和类在同一目录
    ClassLoader(不+/)获取不到
    ClassLoader(+/)获取不到
    class(不+/)可以获取
    class(+/)获取不到
4.资源在src根目录下
    ClassLoader(不+/)可以获取
    ClassLoader(+/)获取不到
    class(不+/)获取不到
    class(+/)可以获取

待完善。。。

3. ServletContext. getResourceAsStream(String path)

默认从WebAPP根目录下取资源，Tomcat下path是否以’/'开头无所谓，当然这和具体的容器实现有关。 

4. Jsp下的application内置对象就是上面的ServletContext的一种实现。