MongoDB + SpringBoot 后端搭建

此篇文章讲述了如何使用springboot框架搭建后端并连接mongo数据库

1. Mongo数据库

Mongo是一种key-value类型的数据库，nosql的特点弱化了数据之间的关系，易于拓展
mongodb版本为v4.2.3(具体下载方法这里暂不赘述)
在控制台打开mongod,命令行：sudo mongod

打开可视化工具mongoDB Compass方面导入和查看数据
导入数据,采用json格式或CSV导入，本文采用json格式导入，数据例如下

{"cid":2020001 , "name":"奶茶","describe":"可加珍珠和波波球","remark":"五分糖"}
{"cid":2020002 , "name":"奶盖","describe":"加满不胖","remark":null}

2. Springboot 框架搭建

2.1 pom.xml相关配置(maven配置)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<!--        <version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version> -->
        <version>2.2.4.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <!--       com.example.demo  -->
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>Demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            <exclusions>
                <exclusion>
                    <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                    <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                </exclusion>
            </exclusions>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.10</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.2 application.yml配置

• mongo配置
• http端口配置

spring:
  http:
    encoding:
      charset: UTF-8
      enabled: true
      force: true
  autoconfigure:
    exclude:
      - org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration
      - org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration
  application:
    name: ${SPRING_APPLICATION_NAME:Demo}
  data:
    mongodb:
      uri: mongodb://${MONGO_URI:localhost}:27017/database
  banner:
    charset: UTF-8

server:
  servlet:
    context-path: /
  port: ${TOMCAT_PORT:8080}
  tomcat:
    uri-encoding: UTF-8
  ssl:
    enabled: false

2.3 Bean注入

因为在项目中导入了lombok包，可以省略不写get和set方法，使代码更加简洁，需要注意的是如果项目合作时，如果使用这个方法，要求所有人都有加载这个包才能使用。
注解@Document中声明了连接数据库中collection的名称；@Id强调自己定义的id，因为mongo导入数据会自生成一个id号，调用getId方法会产生混乱

import lombok.Data;
import org.bson.types.ObjectId;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.mapping.Document;

@Document(collection="category")
@Data
public class Category {
    @Id
    private ObjectId id;
    private String name;
    private String describe;
    private String remark;

}

2.4 Service层

service写了一个获取所有数据的方法，继承自定义接口方法

import com.example.demo.document.Category;
import com.example.demo.service.CategoryService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class CategoryServiceImpl implements CategoryService {
    private final MongoTemplate mongoTemplate;

    public MongoTemplate getMongoTemplate() {
        if (this.mongoTemplate == null) {
            System.out.println("----mongoTemplate注入失败----");
        }
        return mongoTemplate;
    }
    @Autowired
    public CategoryServiceImpl(MongoTemplate mongoTemplate) {
        this.mongoTemplate = mongoTemplate;
    }
    public CategoryServiceImpl(){
        this.mongoTemplate=null;
    }
    @Override
    public List<Category> getAllCategories(){
        return getMongoTemplate().findAll(Category.class);
    }
}

2.5 controller层

调用service层声明的方法，包装成数据包通过http传输

import com.example.demo.document.Category;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import java.util.List;
import net.sf.json.JSONArray;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/testDemo")
public class CategoryController {
	private CategoryService categoryService;

    @Autowired
    public CategoryController(CategoryService categoryService) {
        this.categoryService = categoryService;
    }

    @GetMapping("/getTestdata")
    @ResponseBody
    public JSONArray getAllCategories(){
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        try{
            List<Category> list =categoryController.getAllCategories();
            if(list.isEmpty()){
                String data="value is null";
                array.add(data);
            }
            for(Category data : list){
                array.add(data);
            }
            return array;
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            array.add("error message : "+e.getMessage());
            return array;
        }
    }
}

3. 测试数据

通过http请求获取存储在mongo中的数据

• 测试工具：Postman
  

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