目录
1、布局管理器概要
绝对定位 :直接在像素级指定各个组件的位置和大小 ,组件的位置和大小无法自适应父窗口的变化。
-void QWidget::move (int x, int y)
-void QWidget::resize (int w, int h)
布局管理器
-提供相关的类对界面组件进行布局管理: 能够自动排列窗口中的界面组件 ,窗口变化后自动更新界面组件的大小
-QLayout是Qt中布局管理器的抽象基类 ,布局管理器不是界面部件,而是界面部件的定位策略
-Qt中可以根据需要自定义布局管理器 ,通过继承QLayout实现了功能各异且互补的布局管理器
2、QBoxLayout
QBoxLayout布局管理器以水平(horizontal)或者垂直(vertical)的方式管理界面组件
布局管理器可以相互嵌套,形成更加复杂的布局方式
-布局嵌套几乎可以完成所有常用的界面布局
-自定义布局类可以达到个性化界面布局的效果
QBoxLayout嵌套实例
布局管理器中的比例系数
-默认情况下以等比例的方式更新组件的大小,
-可以自定义组件大小更新时的比例系数
-void setStretch(int index, int stretch) // index 格子下标,
-bool setStretchFactor(QWidget* widget, int stretch) // 具体组件的比例系数
-bool setStretchFactor(QLayout* layout, int stretch) // 布局管理器管理另一个布局管理器
Widget.h
#ifndef _WIDGET_H_
#define _WIDGET_H_
#include <QtGui/QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
QPushButton TestBtn1;
QPushButton TestBtn2;
QPushButton TestBtn3;
QPushButton TestBtn4;
void initControl();
void testVBoxLayout();
void testHBoxLayout();
void testVHBoxLayout();
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
~Widget();
};
#endif
Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QVBoxLayout>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent),
TestBtn1(this), TestBtn2(this), TestBtn3(this), TestBtn4(this)
{
//initControl();
//testVBoxLayout();
//testHBoxLayout();
//testVHBoxLayout();
}
// 绝对定位
void Widget::initControl()
{
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.move(20, 20);
TestBtn1.resize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.move(20, 70);
TestBtn2.resize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.move(20, 120);
TestBtn3.resize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.move(20, 170);
TestBtn4.resize(160, 30);
}
/*
1、创建布局管理器
2、添加管理组件
3、给当前窗口添加布局管理器
*/
void Widget::testVBoxLayout()
{
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
layout->setSpacing(30); // 按钮之间的距离30像素
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn1);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn4);
setLayout(layout); // 如果定义布局管理器时已经指明父组件,不需要再这一步
}
void Widget::testHBoxLayout()
{
QHBoxLayout* layout = new QHBoxLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding); // 水平扩展垂直扩展
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
layout->setSpacing(30);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn1);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn4);
setLayout(layout);
}
void Widget::testVHBoxLayout()
{
QHBoxLayout* hLayout1 = new QHBoxLayout();
QHBoxLayout* hLayout2 = new QHBoxLayout();
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
hLayout1->setSpacing(10);
hLayout1->addWidget(&TestBtn1);
hLayout1->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
hLayout2->setSpacing(10);
hLayout2->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
hLayout2->addWidget(&TestBtn4);
vLayout->setSpacing(10);
vLayout->addLayout(hLayout1);
vLayout->addLayout(hLayout2);
setLayout(vLayout);
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
比例系数初探 Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QVBoxLayout>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent),
TestBtn1(this), TestBtn2(this), TestBtn3(this), TestBtn4(this)
{
//testVBoxLayout();
//testHBoxLayout();
//testVHBoxLayout();
}
void Widget::testVBoxLayout()
{
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
layout->setSpacing(30);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn1);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn4);
layout->setStretch(0, 1);
layout->setStretch(1, 1);
layout->setStretch(2, 2);
layout->setStretch(3, 2);
setLayout(layout);
}
void Widget::testHBoxLayout()
{
QHBoxLayout* layout = new QHBoxLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
layout->setSpacing(30);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn1);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn4);
layout->setStretchFactor(&TestBtn1, 1);
layout->setStretchFactor(&TestBtn2, 2);
layout->setStretchFactor(&TestBtn3, 1);
layout->setStretchFactor(&TestBtn4, 3);
setLayout(layout);
}
void Widget::testVHBoxLayout()
{
QHBoxLayout* hLayout1 = new QHBoxLayout();
QHBoxLayout* hLayout2 = new QHBoxLayout();
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
hLayout1->setSpacing(10);
hLayout1->addWidget(&TestBtn1);
hLayout1->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
hLayout2->setSpacing(10);
hLayout2->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
hLayout2->addWidget(&TestBtn4);
vLayout->setSpacing(10);
vLayout->addLayout(hLayout1);
vLayout->addLayout(hLayout2);
vLayout->setStretchFactor(hLayout1, 1);
vLayout->setStretchFactor(hLayout2, 3);
setLayout(vLayout);
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
组件的初始大小是独立于布局管理器设置的,因此不能保证组件的大小始终符合比例系数的设置!
3、QGridLayout
QGridLayout布局管理器以网格(二维)的方式管理界面组件
QGridLayout中的比例系数设置
-void setColumnStretch(int column, int stretch)
-void setRowStretch(int row, int stretch)
布局管理器的嵌套
-QGridLayout支持嵌套其它布局管理器成为其管理对象
Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QGridLayout>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent),
TestBtn1(this), TestBtn2(this), TestBtn3(this), TestBtn4(this)
{
//testGridLayout1();
//testGridLayout2();
}
void Widget::testGridLayout1()
{
QGridLayout* layout = new QGridLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
layout->setSpacing(10);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn1, 0, 0);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn2, 0, 1);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn3, 1, 0);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn4, 1, 1);
layout->setRowStretch(0, 1); // 设置行比例因子
layout->setRowStretch(1, 3);
layout->setColumnStretch(0, 1); // 列比例因子
layout->setColumnStretch(1, 3);
setLayout(layout);
}
void Widget::testGridLayout2()
{
QGridLayout* layout = new QGridLayout();
TestBtn1.setText("Test Button 1");
TestBtn1.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn1.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn2.setText("Test Button 2");
TestBtn2.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn2.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn3.setText("Test Button 3");
TestBtn3.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn3.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn4.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Expanding);
TestBtn4.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
layout->setSpacing(10);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn1, 0, 0, 2, 1); // 放0,0位置,占两行一列
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn2, 0, 1, 2, 1);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn3, 2, 0, 1, 2);
layout->addWidget(&TestBtn4, 3, 0, 1, 2);
setLayout(layout);
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
4、QFormLayout
如何设计下面的图形用户界面?
解决方案
① 绝对定位组件的坐标和大小
② 嵌套QBoxLayout
③ 创建3x2的QGridLayout
Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QLabel>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QDebug>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent, Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint)
{
QLabel* nameLbl = new QLabel("Name:");
QLabel* mailLbl = new QLabel("Email:");
QLabel* addrLbl = new QLabel("Address:");
QLineEdit* nameEdit = new QLineEdit();
QLineEdit* mailEdit = new QLineEdit();
QLineEdit* addrEdit = new QLineEdit();
QGridLayout* layout = new QGridLayout();
layout->setSpacing(10);
layout->addWidget(nameLbl, 0, 0);
layout->addWidget(nameEdit, 0, 1);
layout->addWidget(mailLbl, 1, 0);
layout->addWidget(mailEdit, 1, 1);
layout->addWidget(addrLbl, 2, 0);
layout->addWidget(addrEdit,2, 1);
layout->setColumnStretch(0, 1);
layout->setColumnStretch(1, 4);
setLayout(layout);
setWindowTitle("FTP");
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
QFormLayout布局管理器
-以表单(Form)的方式管理界面组件 ,表单布局中的标签和组件是相互对应的关系
QFormlayout的用法概要
- void addRow(QWidget* label, QWidget* field)
- void addRow(QWidget* label, Qlayout* field)
- void addRow(const QString& labelText, QWidget* field)
- void addRow(const QString& labelText, QLayout* field)
QFormLayout的样式函数
- void setRowWrapPolicy(RowWrapPolicy policy)
- void setLabelAlignment(Qt::Alignment alignment)
布局管理器的嵌套
- 表单布局支持嵌套,其它布局管理器可以作为子布局被其管理。
Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QFormLayout>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent, Qt::WindowCloseButtonHint)
{
QLineEdit* nameEdit = new QLineEdit();
QLineEdit* mailEdit = new QLineEdit();
QLineEdit* addrEdit = new QLineEdit();
QFormLayout* layout = new QFormLayout();
layout->addRow("Name:", nameEdit);
layout->addRow("Email:", mailEdit);
layout->addRow("Address:", addrEdit);
//layout->setRowWrapPolicy(QFormLayout::WrapLongRows);
//layout->setLabelAlignment(Qt::AlignRight);
layout->setSpacing(10);
setLayout(layout);
setWindowTitle("FTP");
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
5、QStackedLayout
栈式布局管理器所有组件在垂直于屏幕的方向上被管理,每次只有一个组件会显示在屏幕上 ,只有最顶层的组件会被最终显示
栈式布局管理器的特点
-组件大小一致且充满父组件的显示区
-不能直接嵌套其它布局管理器
-能够自由切换需要显示的组件 ,每次能且仅能显示一个组件
Widget.h
#ifndef _WIDGET_H_
#define _WIDGET_H_
#include <QtGui/QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
QPushButton TestBtn1;
QPushButton TestBtn2;
QPushButton TestBtn3;
QPushButton TestBtn4;
void initControl();
private slots:
void timerTimeout();
public:
Widget(QWidget *parent = 0);
~Widget();
};
#endif
Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QStackedLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QtCore>
#include <QDebug>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent),
TestBtn1(this), TestBtn2(this), TestBtn3(this), TestBtn4(this)
{
initControl();
}
void Widget::initControl()
{
QStackedLayout* sLayout = new QStackedLayout();
QHBoxLayout* hLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
QWidget* widget = new QWidget(); //间接嵌套
QTimer* timer = new QTimer(this); // 创建计时器对象, 每隔一定的时间触发一个消息
TestBtn1.setText("1st Button");
TestBtn2.setText("2rd Button");
TestBtn3.setText("3th Button");
TestBtn4.setText("Test Button 4");
TestBtn2.setParent(widget);
TestBtn3.setParent(widget);
hLayout->addWidget(&TestBtn2);
hLayout->addWidget(&TestBtn3);
widget->setLayout(hLayout);
sLayout->addWidget(&TestBtn1); // 0
sLayout->addWidget(widget); // 1
sLayout->addWidget(&TestBtn4); // 2
sLayout->setCurrentIndex(0);
setLayout(sLayout);
connect(timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(timerTimeout())); // 连接计时器消息和消息处理函数
timer->start(2000); // 设置计时器时间间隔并启动计时
}
void Widget::timerTimeout()
{
QStackedLayout* sLayout = dynamic_cast<QStackedLayout*>(layout());//Returns the layout manager that is installed on this widget
if( sLayout != NULL )
{
int index = (sLayout->currentIndex() + 1) % sLayout->count();
sLayout->setCurrentIndex(index);
}
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
main.pp
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "Widget.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
Widget w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
6、开发一个向导用户界面
需求分析
-在同一个界面上展现不同的向导页面
-通过“上一步”和“下一步”按钮进行切换
-不同页面上的元素组件和组件排布都不相同
-页面中的组件通过布局管理器进行排布
解决方案 :通过布局嵌套进行界面设计 :一个垂直布局管理器 管理一个栈布局管理器 和 一个水平布局管理器
通过QStackedLayout管理不同的页面
Widget.h
#ifndef _WIDGET_H_
#define _WIDGET_H_
#include <QtGui/QWidget>
#include <QPushButton>
#include <QLabel>
#include <QLineEdit>
#include <QStackedLayout>
class Widget : public QWidget
{
Q_OBJECT
private:
QPushButton preBtn;
QPushButton nextBtn;
QLabel fLbl1;
QLabel fLbl2;
QLabel fLbl3;
QLabel fLbl4;
QLineEdit sLineEdit;
QPushButton tPushBtn1;
QPushButton tPushBtn2;
QStackedLayout sLayout;
void initControl();
QWidget* get1stPage();
QWidget* get2ndPage();
QWidget* get3rdPage();
private slots:
void onPreBtnClicked();
void onNextBtnClicked();
public:
Widget(QWidget* parent = 0);
~Widget();
};
#endif // _WIDGET_H_
Widget.cpp
#include "Widget.h"
#include <QVBoxLayout>
#include <QHBoxLayout>
#include <QGridLayout>
#include <QFormLayout>
#include <QDebug>
Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) : QWidget(parent)
{
initControl();
}
void Widget::initControl()
{
QVBoxLayout* vLayout = new QVBoxLayout();
QHBoxLayout* hLayout = new QHBoxLayout();
preBtn.setText("Pre Page");
preBtn.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Fixed);
preBtn.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
nextBtn.setText("Next Page");
nextBtn.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy::Expanding, QSizePolicy::Fixed);
nextBtn.setMinimumSize(160, 30);
connect(&preBtn, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(onPreBtnClicked()));
connect(&nextBtn, SIGNAL(clicked()), this, SLOT(onNextBtnClicked()));
hLayout->addWidget(&preBtn);
hLayout->addWidget(&nextBtn);
sLayout.addWidget(get1stPage());
sLayout.addWidget(get2ndPage());
sLayout.addWidget(get3rdPage());
vLayout->addLayout(&sLayout);
vLayout->addLayout(hLayout);
setLayout(vLayout);
}
QWidget* Widget::get1stPage()
{
QWidget* ret = new QWidget();
QGridLayout* layout = new QGridLayout();
fLbl1.setText("This");
fLbl2.setText("is");
fLbl3.setText("1st");
fLbl4.setText("page");
layout->addWidget(&fLbl1, 0, 0);
layout->addWidget(&fLbl2, 0, 1);
layout->addWidget(&fLbl3, 1, 0);
layout->addWidget(&fLbl4, 1, 1);
ret->setLayout(layout);
return ret;
}
QWidget* Widget::get2ndPage()
{
QWidget* ret = new QWidget();
QFormLayout* layout = new QFormLayout();
sLineEdit.setText("This is 2nd page");
layout->addRow("Hint:", &sLineEdit);
ret->setLayout(layout);
return ret;
}
QWidget* Widget::get3rdPage()
{
QWidget* ret = new QWidget();
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout();
tPushBtn1.setText("This is");
tPushBtn2.setText("3rd page");
layout->addWidget(&tPushBtn1);
layout->addWidget(&tPushBtn2);
ret->setLayout(layout);
return ret;
}
void Widget::onPreBtnClicked()
{
int index = ((sLayout.currentIndex() - 1) + 3) % 3;
sLayout.setCurrentIndex(index);
}
void Widget::onNextBtnClicked()
{
int index = (sLayout.currentIndex() + 1) % 3;
sLayout.setCurrentIndex(index);
}
Widget::~Widget()
{
}
main.cpp
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include "Widget.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QApplication a(argc, argv);
Widget w;
w.show();
return a.exec();
}
注意事项
• 任意容器类的组件都可以指定布局管理器
• 同一个布局管理器中的组件拥有相同的父组件
• 设置布局管理的同时隐式的指定了父子关系
图中组件1和组件2被同一个布局管理器管理,拥有相同的父组件