java基础（==与equals，以及内存简析）

“==” 比较的是两个引用在内存中指向的是不是同一对象（即同一内存空间），也就是说在内存空间中的存储位置是否一致。（引用类型）

equals方法是由Object类提供的，可以由子类来进行重写

Java 语言里的 equals方法其实是交给开发者去覆写的，让开发者自己去定义满足什么条件的两个Object是equal的。
所以我们不能单纯的说equals到底比较的是什么。你想知道一个类的equals方法是什么意思就是要去看定义。（以上是来自知乎用户的回答）
我们要理解的是equals存在的目的。

JDK源码
java.lang.Object类中的equals

//在Object类中，equals的实现方法
/**
     * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one.
     * <p>
     * The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation
     * on non-null object references:
     * <ul>
     * <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value
     *     {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return
     *     {@code true}.
     * <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)}
     *     should return {@code true} if and only if
     *     {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}.
     * <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if
     *     {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and
     *     {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then
     *     {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}.
     * <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values
     *     {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of
     *     {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true}
     *     or consistently return {@code false}, provided no
     *     information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the
     *     objects is modified.
     * <li>For any non-null reference value {@code x},
     *     {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}.
     * </ul>
     * <p>
     * The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements
     * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects;
     * that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and
     * {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only
     * if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object
     * ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}).
     * <p>
     * Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode}
     * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the
     * general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states
     * that equal objects must have equal hash codes.
     *
     * @param   obj   the reference object with which to compare.
     * @return  {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj
     *          argument; {@code false} otherwise.
     * @see     #hashCode()
     * @see     java.util.HashMap
     */
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        return (this == obj);
    }

java.lang.String中重写的equals方法

/**
     * Compares this string to the specified object.  The result is {@code
     * true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and is a {@code
     * String} object that represents the same sequence of characters as this
     * object.
     *
     * @param  anObject
     *         The object to compare this {@code String} against
     *
     * @return  {@code true} if the given object represents a {@code String}
     *          equivalent to this string, {@code false} otherwise
     *
     * @see  #compareTo(String)
     * @see  #equalsIgnoreCase(String)
     */
    public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
        //引用类型内存地址比较
        if (this == anObject) {
            return true;
        }
        if (anObject instanceof String) {
            String anotherString = (String)anObject;
            int n = value.length;
            if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
                char v1[] = value;
                char v2[] = anotherString.value;
                int i = 0;
                while (n-- != 0) {
                    if (v1[i] != v2[i])
                        return false;
                    i++;
                }
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

“==”与equals 在不同情况下的代码示例

 		String str1="hello";
        String str2=new String("hello");
        StringBuffer str3=new StringBuffer("hello");
        StringBuffer str4=new StringBuffer("hello");
        StringBuffer str5=str3;
        str5.append("word");

        System.out.println(str1.equals(str3)); //false
        System.out.println(str1==str2);        //false
        System.out.println(str1.equals(str2));//true
        System.out.println(str4.equals(str3));//false
        System.out.println(str3.equals(str5));//true
        System.out.println(str3==str5);//true

以上代码中的内存结构简析：

通过代码和内存结构图结合来看就会得到结论：

“==” 比较的是两个引用在内存中指向的是不是同一对象（即同一内存空间），也就是说在内存空间中的存储位置是否一致。（引用类型）

equals方法是由Object类提供的，可以由子类来进行重写