从《机器学习实战》当中学到的第一个算法:
from numpy import *
from os import listdir
import operator
#创建训练样本集
def createDataSet():
group = array([[1.0,1.1],[1.0,1.0],[0,0],[0,0.1]])
labels = ['A','A','B','B']
return group,labels
#返回预测结果
def classify0(inX,dataSet,labels,k):
#dataSetSize : dateSet有多少行数据
dataSetSize = dataSet.shape[0]
#diffMat : tile函数得到dataSetSize行1*(inX的列数)列-dataSet的数据
diffMat = tile(inX,(dataSetSize,1)) - dataSet
#欧式距离公式 ; d = sqrt((xA0-xB0)^2+(xA1-xB1)^2)
sqlDiffMat = diffMat**2
#按行累加
sqDistances = sqlDiffMat.sum(axis=1)
distances = sqDistances**0.5
#按distances从小到大的顺序将索引录入到sortedDistIndicies
sortedDistIndicies = distances.argsort()
classCount = {}
#取k个欧氏距离最小的数据统计出现次数最多的分类
for i in range(k):
voteIlabel = labels[sortedDistIndicies[i]]
classCount[voteIlabel] = classCount.get(voteIlabel,0) + 1
#按照第二个元素的次序进行降序排序
max = 0
for key,value in classCount.items():
if value > max :
max = value
flag = key
#sortedClassCount = sorted(classCount.iteritems(),
#key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True)
return flag
#返回x样本和y样本
def file2matrix(filename):
fr = open(filename)
arrayOLines = fr.readlines()
numberOfLines = len(arrayOLines)
#生成numberOfLines行3列值为零的数组
returnMat = zeros((numberOfLines,3))
classLabelVector = []
index = 0
for line in arrayOLines:
line = line.strip()
listFromLine = line.split('\t')
returnMat[index,:] = listFromLine[0:3]
classLabelVector.append(int(listFromLine[-1]))
index += 1
return returnMat,classLabelVector
#将各个变量取值变为[0,1]
def autoNorm(dataSet):
minVals = dataSet.min(0)
mmaxVals = dataSet.max(0)
ranges = mmaxVals - minVals
#值为零的dataSet数组
normDataSet = zeros(shape(dataSet))
#dataSet的行数
m = dataSet.shape[0]
normDataSet = dataSet - tile(minVals,(m,1))
normDataSet = normDataSet/tile(ranges,(m,1))
#normDataSet值域[0,1]
return normDataSet,ranges,minVals
def datingClassTest():
hoRatio = 0.10
datingDataMat, datingLabels = file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
normMat, ranges, minVals = autoNorm(datingDataMat)
m = normMat.shape[0]
numTestVecs = int(m*hoRatio)
errorCount = 0.0
for i in range(numTestVecs):
classifierResult = classify0(normMat[i,:],normMat[numTestVecs:m,:],\
datingLabels[numTestVecs:m],3)
print("the classifier came back with: %d the real ans wer is: %d"\
% (classifierResult,datingLabels[i]))
if(classifierResult != datingLabels[i]):
errorCount += 1.0
print("the total error rate is : %f " % (errorCount/float(numTestVecs)))
def classifyPerson():
resultList = ['not at all','in small doses','in large doses']
#输入文本行命令并返回用户所输入的命令
percentTats = float(input(\
"percentage of time spent playing video games?"))
ffMiles = float(input("frequent flier miles earned per year?"))
iceCream = float(input("liters of ice cream consumed per year?"))
datingDataMat,datingLabels = file2matrix('datingTestSet2.txt')
normMat,ranges,minVals = autoNorm(datingDataMat)
inArr = array([ffMiles,percentTats,iceCream])
classifierResult = classify0((inArr-minVals)/ranges,normMat,datingLabels,3)
print("You will probably like this person: ",\
resultList[classifierResult - 1])
#将文件的32*32的数据转为1*1024并返回returnVect数组
def img2vector(filename):
returnVect = zeros((1,1024))
fr = open(filename)
for i in range(32):
lineStr = fr.readline()
for j in range(32):
returnVect[0,32*i+j] = int(lineStr[j])
return returnVect
#对数字进行识别
def handwritingClassTest():
#结果集
hwLabels = []
#获得指定文件名下的列表
trainingFileList = listdir('trainingDigits')
m = len(trainingFileList)
#训练集
trainingMat = zeros((m,1024))
for i in range(m):
fileNameStr = trainingFileList[i]
fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
hwLabels.append(classNumStr)
trainingMat[i,:] = img2vector('trainingDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
testFileList = listdir('testDigits')
errorCount = 0.0
mTest = len(testFileList)
for i in range(mTest):
fileNameStr = testFileList[i]
fileStr = fileNameStr.split('.')[0]
classNumStr = int(fileStr.split('_')[0])
#测试
vectorUnderTest = img2vector('testDigits/%s' % fileNameStr)
classifierResult = classify0(vectorUnderTest,\
trainingMat,hwLabels,3)
print("the classifier came back with: %d,the real answer is: %d"\
% (classifierResult,classNumStr))
if(classifierResult != classNumStr): errorCount += 1.0
print("\nthe total number of errors is: %d" % errorCount)
print("\nthe total error rate is : %f"% (errorCount/float(mTest)))