了解表语从句

什么是表语从句

一个句子作表语，说明主语是什么，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语的成分。

表语成分

1、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
2、代词作表语
What’s your fax number?
你的传真号是多少？
Who's your best friend?
你最好的朋友是谁？
3、形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老，但他很健康。
4、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
5、不定式作表语（作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business）
Her job is to sell computers.
她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁琐。
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是当一名歌手。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。
6、介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了。
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在。
7、副词作表语
The sun is up.
太阳升起来了。
I must be off now.
我得走了。
8、从句作表语
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的话。

语序（表语从句一定要用正常语序。）

The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
问题是他什么时候能到酒店。

时态（主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。）

The question is why he cried yesterday.
问题是他昨天为什么哭。
That is why I came.
这就是我来的原因。

注意

1、if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether 来引导。

The question is whether we can pass the exam.

问题是我们是否能通过考试。
2、That is because和That is why的区别。
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有去看电影， 那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。（第一句话说明结果， 第二句话说明原因）
He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影， 因此他昨天晚上没有去看。（第一句话说明原因， 第二句话说明结果）

典型例句

This is what I want.
这就是我想要的
The reason why he was late is that his bike broke down.
他迟到是因为自行车坏了
Next sunday is when we shall meet.
下周日是我们见面的时间
This is why I am late.
这就是我迟到的原因
My problem is which computer to choose
我的问题是不知道选哪个电脑好
The argument is whether it rains tomorrow
明天是否下雨是争论的内容
What the police want to know is when you entered the room
警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。
The trouble is that we are short of funds
困难是我们缺乏资金。
This is what we should do
这是我们应当做的。
That‘s why I want you to work there
那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因。
His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet
他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。
as if,as though,because也可用来引导表语从句。
She seems as if she had done a great thing
她看起来好像做了一件大事。
It is because you eat too much
是因为你吃得太多了。
The traditional view is that we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. 
传统的观点是因为我们的大脑已经设定好让我们睡觉，所以我们睡觉。
You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is  where I disagree.
他说每个人都应该是平等的,这是我所不同意的。
I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
Is that why you had a few days off? 
我上个星期开车去珠海看航展。
那就是你请了几天假的原因吗？
What she couldn’t understand was why fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
她所不能理解的是为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣.
What made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. 
让这所学校自豪的是超过百分之90的学生都被重点大学录取。
Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
Oh,that's what makes me feel excited .
你在想昨天的比赛吗？
哦，那（比赛）真让我感到兴奋。