简单了解宾语从句

宾语从句

宾语从句，是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。

宾语从句分类

1、动词的宾语从句；
2、介词的宾语从句；
3、形容词的宾语从句。

宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。

时态

1、主句用一般现在时，从句可用任意时。 
2、主句用将来时，从句可用任意时。
3、主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。
1、从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生。
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<老人与海>.
2、从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
She was sorry that she hadn't finished her work on time.
她很抱歉没有按时完成工作。
3、从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后。
The reporter asked whether the government would take necessary measures to protect the environment.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施来保护环境。
4、如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化。
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
The teacher told the children that the earth is round. 
老师教这些小朋友说地球是圆的。
The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
老师告诉学生光比声音传播得快。

否定转移

1、即宾语从句的否定转移到主句的谓语动词，并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来，其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。常见的有think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等。
I don’t think he will come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
I don't believe he can do it.
我不相信他可以做得到。
I don't think you are right ,are you ?
我认为你不对，是吗？
I don't believe they have finished their work yet,have they ?
我不相信他们已经完成了工作，是吗？

2、如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。

We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?

我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?

that不能省略的情况

1、当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?．
我相信你已经尽了最大的努力，事情一定会成功的。.
2、当it作形式宾语时。
She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
她明确表示与他无关。
3、当宾语从句前置时。
That our team will win，I believe．
我相信我们队会赢。
4、宾语从句较长。
5、that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语。
6、and连接的两个从句，两个从句的that不能省略。
He told me that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.
他告诉我他有两个儿子，他们都上过大学。