简单了解状语

什么是状语

状语是一种修饰成分，用于修饰动词，形容词，其他状语或整个句子。具体案例如下：
1、修饰动词
You can put it down anywhere. 
你可以随便放哪里都行。 (表地点)
The company will go bankrupt unless business improves. 
如果生意再无起色，公司非倒闭不可。(表条件)
The meeting has been called off last night after the deadly explosion. 
昨晚发生致命爆炸袭击之后，会议已经被取消。(表时间)
Seeing nobody in the office, she had to leave a note. 
看到没有人在办公室，她只好留下张便条。 (表原因)
2、修饰形容词或副词
这类状语用于表示所修饰的形容词或副词的程度，起到增强、减弱或强调的作用。
Most of them are completely innocent. 他们中大多数人是完全无辜的。
This is a highly effective way to refine sugar. 这是一个制糖的高效方法。
They will arrive here pretty soon. 他们很快就会到达这儿。
Eggs are extremely well adapted to men's needs. 蛋极易适合人的需要。
3、修饰整个句子
注意：这一类状语通常位于句首，用逗号隔开，用于表示说话人对句子内容的看法、态度、评价等。
Frankly, I think his lesson is very boring. 
坦白讲，我觉得他的课很枯燥。
Most likely, they’ll have to pay a high price for it. 
他们很可能要为此付出很高的代价。
4、 起连接作用
There has been a big increase in foreign trade last year. In addition, foreign funds are more effectively utilized. 
去年外贸有大的增长。此外，外汇更有效地利用。
He missed the train and therefore missed the accident. 
他没赶上那班火车，也因此逃过了车祸。
The role of the father in the traditional family was to provide for his family. Similarly, the father in the modern family is expected to do so. 
传统家庭中父亲的角色是供养家庭。同样，现代家庭里的父亲也被期望这么做。

什么词和结构作状语

副词、介词短语、分词、分词短语、名词、不定式、相当于副词的词或短语。具体案例如下：
1、副词
This car engine runs very quietly. 
这辆汽车的发动机噪音很小。
He immediately switched off the light. 
他立刻把灯熄灭。
Undoubtedly, he is the best chess player in this country. 
毫无疑问，他是这个国家最好的(国际象棋)棋手。
2、介词短语
Fresh water was taken to this area by air. 
新鲜的水通过空运到达这里。
I have been waiting for more than half an hour. 
我已经等了不只半小时。
3、不定式
I went there to see my old friend. 
我到那里去见我的老朋友。
To be honest, I am still quite confused about this. 
说实话，我仍然对这个感到很困惑。
4、现在分词
Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work. 
做出决定后，他们就立即开始工作。
He hurriedly ran into the house looking for places to hide. 
他匆匆跑进屋里寻找藏身之地。
5、过去分词
Compared to ours their house is a palace. 
他们的房子和我们的相比简直就是皇宫。.
She came in, followed by her husband. 
她走进来，丈夫跟随其后。
6、形容词
Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote. 
因为急于快速作出决定，主席要求投票表决。
He said nothing but sat silent smoking. 
他什么话也没说，只是静静坐在那里抽着烟。
7、名词
See you next week. 
下周见。
They consider it better to do it that way. 
他们认为那样做更妥当些。
8、从句(即状语从句)
She looked at me curiously as I opened the door. 
我开门时，她好奇地看着我。
I’ll come to your place when I am free. 
我一有空就会到你那里。
9、独立主格
Everything prepared, we started our new journey. 
一切准备就绪，我们开始新的旅程。
10、复合结构
With the task completed successfully, they went home happily.
 成功地完成任务后，他们高兴地回了家。