ServletContext对象

本文总结自，B站-遇见狂神说

概念：代表整个web应用，可以和程序的容器(服务器)来通信

web容器在启动的时候，他会为每个web程序创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用

1. 常用方法

获取ServletContext对象

• 通过request对象获取

request.getServletContext();

• 通过HttpServlet获取

this.getServletContext();

获取MIME类型

MIME类型：在互联网通信过程中定义的一种文件数据类型

• 格式： 大类型/小类型 如：text/html image/jpeg

String getMimeType(String file)

获取初始化参数

web.xml

<!--web应用初始化配置-->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhostP:3306/mybatis</param-value>
  </context-param>

Servlet

@Override
protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        // 获取配置文件web.xml中的初始化配置
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
        response.getWriter().print(url);
    }

结果：网页输出

jdbc:mysql://localhostP:3306/mybatis

2. 域对象：共享数据

ServletContext对象范围：所有用户所有请求的数据

• 设置

setAttribute(String name,Object value)

• 获取

getAttribute(String name)

• 删除

removeAttribute(String name)

3. 获取文件的真实(服务器)路径

有一种方法，chassLoader：只能获取src下的资源，web下获取不到

方法：

   ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();

1. web目录下资源访问

 	String realPath = context.getRealPath("/b.txt");

2. WEB-INF目录下的资源访问

	String c = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/c.txt");

3. src目录下的资源访问

    String a = context.getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.txt");

结果：

E:\File\ideaProjects\JavaWeb\out\artifacts\09_Response_war_exploded\b.txt
E:\File\ideaProjects\JavaWeb\out\artifacts\09_Response_war_exploded\WEB-INF\c.txt
E:\File\ideaProjects\JavaWeb\out\artifacts\09_Response_war_exploded\WEB-INF\classes\a.txt

4. 请求转发

ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
context.getRequestDispatcher("/s3").forward(request,response);

图解

特点：路径未改变！

A想拿到C的资源，但是A只能找到B

5. 读取资源文件

Properties类

• 在java目录下新建properties
• 在resources目录下新建properties

发现都被打包到了同一路径下：classes，这个路径俗称类路径

可能会产生配置文件无法加载的问题

解决：更改maven配置文件

<!--防止资源导出失败-->
<resources>
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*.properties</include>
            <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
    <!--java文件夹下-->
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*.properties</include>
            <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
</resources>

代码：

 @Override
protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        InputStream in = context.getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(in);
        String user = prop.getProperty("username");
        String pwd = prop.getProperty("password");
        // 输出到页面
        response.getWriter().print(user+":"+pwd);
    }

web.xml配置：设置映射即可

结果：

root:root

案例_文件下载

package cn.luis;

import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class FileServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doPost(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        this.doGet(request, response);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doGet(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws javax.servlet.ServletException, IOException {
        // 1.获取下载文件路径
        String realPath = "D:\\code\\Web\\HttpServletResponse\\target\\classes\\1.png";
        // String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
        System.out.println("下载文件路径：" + realPath);
        // 2.下载文件名是？
        String name = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\" + 1));
        // 2.1中文文件名需要转码
        String encodeName = URLEncoder.encode(name, "UTF-8");
        // 3.让浏览器支持索要下载的东西
        response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + encodeName);
        // 4.获取下载文件的输入流
        FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        // 5.创建缓冲区
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        // 6. 获取OutputStream输出流
        ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
        // 7. 将FileOutPutStream流写入buffer缓冲区
        while ((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) {
            out.write(buffer, 0, len);
        }
        // 8.释放资源
        in.close();
        out.close();
    }
}