Railgun and electromagnetic launcher

Abstract:
Rail Gun : is a kind of electromagnetic Gun electromagnetic Gun is made using the electromagnetic launch technology an advanced kinetic energy weapons. With traditional cannon will gunpowder gas pressure acting on the projectile, electromagnetic Gun is to use the electromagnetic force of electromagnetic field in the system, the role of time is much longer, and can greatly improve the speed and range of the projectile. Thus to cause the attention of the world strategists. Since the early 80 s, electromagnetic Gun weapon development plan in the future, has become more and more important part.

Electromagnetic launcher: it is a device that USES electromagnetic force to lift and push an object, or accelerate the object to ultra-high speed (>3km/s). It is also called electromagnetic gun because it is originally only for the purpose of weapon

Keywords: electromagnetic force

1. Introduction … … First put forward the concept of electromagnetic emission and testing is professor of physics at the university of OSLO (OSLO Norway nice. but after a few a few falls, through the vicissitudes of life, until 1978 at the Australian national university R.A. (Marshall) Dr. Marshall on the 5 m long rail electromagnetic cannon polycarbonate projectile acceleration of 3.3 g to 5.9 km/s, from the experiment to justifying the electromagnetic emission from then on, the feasibility of the electromagnetic launch research work entered a new stage, the military power to invest a lot of human resources research experiment was carried out at present the United States is in the lead In 1992, the electromagnetic railgun was out of the laboratory. The university of Texas accelerated the 2.4-kg projectile to 2.6km/s, and its energy could be used in actual combat. The United States officially announced that the electromagnetic gun would be used in actual combat in 2010 and 2015

2. PART A high current challenge to the power system
   According to the characteristics of the magnetic resistance type electromagnetic launcher, the magnetic resistance type coil launcher does not need large electricity flow variation, but need a larger current, in principle, the current, the greater the transmitter range, launch the better the results, but the larger current corresponding will demand a higher voltage and current of eddy current process in the projectile can to block the projectile, and even cause the projectile movement in the opposite direction So the choice of power supply voltage is also very strict, its size should be controlled in a certain range
   2.1 Topic a … … capacitor
   Advantages: high energy storage density ; Itself is encapsulated and modular, conducive to the layout in any space ; It is not afraid of vibration, has a solid structure, no noise, no pollution of the environment ; If the circuit is protected and one of the capacitors is damaged, the fault will have little impact on the whole system . It is flexible and convenient. It can be connected in parallel or in series in the circuit

Use Capacitor bank:
The discharge circuit is r-l-c discharge process. let ; when it Is the over-damped process; when it is Critically damped process; when it is the damping shock process; In order to avoid the reverse charging of the capacitor in the transient process, it must be controlled within the damping or critical damping path, so the capacitor capacitance value should be selected appropriately.

2.2 Topic b … … High energy battery
The coil current can be maintained at the peak
Advantages: Magnetoresistance coil emitter wants to obtain better emission effect, the current in the coil should be kept at the maximum value as far as possible, high energy battery is a better choice from the Angle of current size

Disadvantages: After a certain period of excitation, the coil should be sharply short-circuited to attenuate the current. Otherwise, when the armature passes through the center of the coil, it will be subjected to the force in the opposite direction

In electromagnetic launcher of the future, the power supply device on the weight and volume accounts for a large portion of the entire unit, and in the power supply unit, the weight and volume of energy storage element can account for about 80% of the power supply device, starting from the mobility requirements of weapon, pulse capacitors with high energy storage density, can reduce weight and to reduce the volume, become the power energy storage device of choice

3. PART B … … Analyze software selection
   Electromagnetic field calculation generally summed up in solving some partial differential equation solution method of partial differential equations are, in general can be divided into four analytical method of graphical method simulation method and numerical method now with the development of the electronic computer, the numerical method is becoming more and more easy and obtained greater development, applicable scope is greater than its not only his way, and can achieve enough precision

The difference method boundary element method and finite element method are commonly used in numerical calculation

The finite element method is the most widely used and effective method at present

The advantages of the finite element method:
(1) the coefficient matrix is symmetric, positive definite and sparse, and incomplete joeresky fraction is generally adopted at present
Solving conjugate gradient method combined with non-zero element compression storage boundary finite element equations can save a lot of computer memory and
CPU time.
(2) it is very convenient to deal with the boundary conditions of the second type and the transition conditions of the internal media, for the homogeneity of the second type
Interface conditions between boundary conditions and media with surface current density are not processed.
4. PART C … …other main part of electromagnetic gun
switch socket external support, such as the role of the sleeve is used as barrel
provide transmission channel for the armature, the material should have good insulation, surface smooth as possible, minimizing the friction coefficient, but also has high mechanical strength materials commonly used ptfe is better choice, also can choose three alumina silica quartz glass and other should pay attention to choose your size, its diameter should be greater than the armature’s outside diameter and left a certain margin, but cannot too big, would affect the force of the armature .The external support mainly plays the role of fixing the driving coil. The size of the drive coil should be determined according to the size of the coil, and a certain amount of allowance should be left. The structure scheme requires strong fixation and strong anti-vibration ability

The external support mainly plays the role of fixing the driving coil. The size of the drive coil should be determined according to the size of the coil, and a certain amount of allowance should be left. The structure scheme requires strong fixation and strong anti-vibration ability

Switch mainly includes the control circuit of the control device and speeding up the manual switch in the circuit to the first level of this article 1 speed circuit design system needs to be artificially conduction, so its must have higher safety control circuit of the switch to have higher switch frequency and less switch loss, but also have higher ability of flow and pressure

5. Conclusion … … Through the research and analysis of this paper, the feasibility of magnetoresistance coil gun is theoretically verified, which can be used as a reference for future research on electromagnetic emitter
   (1)
   The preliminary work of this paper is mainly to consult a large number of domestic and foreign literature, detailed introduction of electromagnetic transmitter
   The development course and the development present situation, elaborated deeply the research electromagnetic transmitter the goal and the significance.
   (2)
   The selection of some parts of electromagnetic gun is preliminarily analyzed by means of calculation and data access. Such as discharge system switch support and so on.
   (3)
   Analyzing several popular data analysis software at present, and selects the most suitable analysis software for this design by comparing the advantages and disadvantages and the applicable scope.

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