RHCE之路NFS服务器，磁盘分区，创建逻辑分区

第九天

服务端 --- server

启动nfs

[root@server ~]# systemctl restart nfs-server.service

[root@server ~]# systemctl restart rpcbind

配置文件

[root@server ~]# vim /etc/exports

#配置文件格式
#共享目录绝对路径  主机的访问控制列表(权限，参数)
/pub *(ro--- 只读 rw--只写 )

创建测试文件

[root@server ~]# mkdir /pub
[root@server ~]# touch /pub/{1..3}
[root@server ~]# ll /pub
total 0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 29 22:55 1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 29 22:55 2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 29 22:55 3

将配置文件内容导出读取

[root@server ~]# exportfs -r

客户端 --- client

测试

[root@client ~]# showmount -e 192.168.10.129
Export list for 192.168.10.129:
/pub *

手动挂载

[root@client ~]# mount 192.168.10.129:/pub---贡献目录 /mnt---挂载点目录

#配置文件格式
#共享目录绝对路径  主机的访问控制列表(权限，参数)
/pub *(rw)

[root@server ~]# chmod o+w /pub

[root@client mnt]# echo 111 > 1
[root@client mnt]# cat 1
111

[root@client mnt]# touch a
[root@client mnt]# ll
total 4
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root   root   4 Oct 29 23:44 1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root   0 Oct 29 22:55 2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root   root   0 Oct 29 22:55 3
-rw-r--r--. 1 nobody nobody 0 Oct 29 23:48 a

对访问用户进行限制

[root@server pub]# setfacl -m u:redhat:rwx /pub --- 对共享目录有读写权限

[root@server pub]# getfacl /pub
getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names
# file: pub
# owner: root
# group: root
user::rwx
user:redhat:rwx
group::---
mask::rwx
other::---

注意看服务端的用户id和客户端的id是否一样，如果不一样就重新添加id一样的用户

服务端：

[root@server pub]# id redhat
uid=1000(redhat) gid=1000(redhat) groups=1000(redhat),10(wheel)

客户端：

[root@client mnt]# id 1000
uid=1000(redhat) gid=1000(redhat) groups=1000(redhat),10(wheel)

[root@client mnt]# su - redhat
[redhat@client ~]$ cd /mnt
[redhat@client mnt]$ ll
total 4
-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 4 Oct 29 23:44 1
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 29 22:55 2
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Oct 29 22:55 3

退出redhat则不能进行操作

[root@client mnt]# ll
ls: cannot open directory '.': Permission denied

若不同则：

在客户端创建和服务端uid相同的用户

useradd -u 1000 redhat

然后要在客户端重新挂载

umount /nfs

mount 192.168.10.129:/pub   /nfs

在服务端重新加载下配置

exportfs -r

把服务映射删完

vim /etc/exports

 客户端重新挂载

umount /nfs

mount 192.168.10.129:/pub   /nfs

su - redhat

cd /nfs

架设一台NFS服务器，并按照以下要求配置

1、开放/nfs/shared目录，供所有用户查询资料；

安装 nfs-server 和 rpcbind

192.168.10.129 --- 服务端

vim /etc/exports

/nfs/shared *(ro)

systemctl restart nfs-server

mkdir /nfs/shared -pv

touch /nfs/shared {1..3}

修改文件权限

showmount -e --- 查看共享文件

192.168.10.132 --- 客户端

showmount -e 192.168.10.129

mkdir /shared

(1)手动挂载

mount 192.168.10.129:/nfs/shared   /shared

mount /shared

(2)开机自动挂载

vim /etc/fstab

192.168.10.129:/nfs/shared   /shared   nfs4  defaults,ro,async  0  0

mount -a

2、开放/nfs/upload目录，该目录为172.24.8.0/24网段的主机的数据上传目录，并将所有该网段主机上传文件的所属者和所属组映射为nfs-upload,其UID和GID为2001；

server

vim /etc/exports

/nfs/shared *(ro)
/nfs/upload   192.168.10.0/24(rw,all_sqaush,anonuid=2001,anongid=2001)

mkdir /nfs/upload

chmod o+w  /nfs/upload

useradd -u 2001 nfs-upload

client

useradd  -u  2001  nfs-upload

mount   192.168.10.129:/nfs/upload   /upload

3、将/home/tom（该目录为uid=1111，gid=1111的tom用户的家目录）目录仅共享给172.24.8.129这台主机上的jerry用户，jerry对该目录具有访问、新建和删除文件的权限。

server

useradd -u 1111 tom

touch /home/tom/t1

touch /home/tom/t1

vim /etc/exports

/pub *(rw)
/home/tom 192.168.10.132(rw,sync)

exportfs -r

useradd -u 3333 jerry

setfacl -m u:jerry:rwx /home/tom

client

useradd -u 3333 jerry

mkdir /t

mount 192.168.10.129:/home/tom /t

注：如果出现 --- mount.nfs: No route to host 的情况可以关闭服务端和客户端的防火墙解决

su - jerry

cd /t

touch j1

rm j1

磁盘分区

1.判断存储设备是否具备分区条件 --- 是否有剩余空间

lsblk --- 查看存储设备

 

创建新的磁盘分区--- 通过添加新的磁盘 --- 关机状态下的图形界面

 

 

 

2.fdisk创建分区

3.指定文件系统类型 格式化

4.使用

逻辑分区 --- lvm --- 最多创建24个

优点：

1.磁盘或者分区动态整合

2.逻辑卷动态调整大小

逻辑卷 --- lv

卷组 --- vg

物理卷 --- pv

硬盘 ---（分区）

多个分区整合成一个卷组

创建分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/nvme0n2

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x48a98b30.

Command (m for help): n --- 开始创建
Partition type
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p --- 主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048): --- 开头默认
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-20971519, default 20971519): +5G --- 从开头开始创建5g的空间

Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2):
First sector (10487808-20971519, default 10487808):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (10487808-20971519, default 20971519): --- 将剩下的空间全都整合

Created a new partition 2 of type 'Linux' and of size 5 GiB.

Command (m for help): w --- 保存退出
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

查看分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n2
Disk /dev/nvme0n2: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x48a98b30

Device         Boot    Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/nvme0n2p1          2048 10487807 10485760   5G 83 Linux
/dev/nvme0n2p2      10487808 20971519 10483712   5G 83 Linux

整合分区

创建物理卷

[root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/nvme0n2p{1,2} --- 名字根据上面创建好的写
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n2p1" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/nvme0n2p2" successfully created.

创建卷组

[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/nvme0n2p1 --- myvg随便起名
  Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@localhost ~]# vgcreate myvg /dev/nvme0n2p2
  A volume group called myvg already exists.
[root@localhost ~]# vgextend myvg /dev/nvme0n2p2 --- 扩大nvme0n2p2
  Volume group "myvg" successfully extended
[root@localhost ~]# vgs --- 查看卷组
  VG   #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  myvg   2   0   0 wz--n-   9.99g 9.99g
  rhel   1   2   0 wz--n- <19.00g    0

创建逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -n mylv -L 4G myvg --- 从myvg卷组中抽4G创建逻辑卷mylv，-L指定大小，-n指定名字
  Logical volume "mylv" created.
[root@localhost ~]# lvs
  LV   VG   Attr       LSize   Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  mylv myvg -wi-a-----   4.00g                                                    
  root rhel -wi-ao---- <17.00g                                                    
  swap rhel -wi-ao----   2.00g  

使用逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME          MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0            11:0    1 10.2G  0 rom  /run/media/root/RHEL-8-5-0-BaseOS-x86_64
nvme0n1       259:0    0   20G  0 disk
├─nvme0n1p1   259:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─nvme0n1p2   259:2    0   19G  0 part
  ├─rhel-root 253:0    0   17G  0 lvm  /
  └─rhel-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
nvme0n2       259:3    0   10G  0 disk
├─nvme0n2p1   259:4    0    5G  0 part
│ └─myvg-mylv 253:2    0    4G  0 lvm  
└─nvme0n2p2   259:5    0    5G  0 part
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/myvg/mylv --- 将逻辑卷格式化成xfs格式
meta-data=/dev/myvg/mylv         isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=262144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1048576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /lv1
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/myvg/mylv /lv1 --- 挂载

想进行文件操作，就切换到挂载点目录进行操作即可

扩大逻辑卷

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -l 100%VG /dev/myvg/mylv --- 将100%逻辑卷空间扩展到mylv中
  Size of logical volume myvg/mylv changed from 4.00 GiB (1024 extents) to 9.99 GiB (2558 extents).
  Logical volume myvg/mylv successfully resized.

注：[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 2G /dev/myvg/mylv --- 将2G逻辑卷空间扩展到mylv中

[root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L 200M /dev/myvg/mylv --- 将200M逻辑卷空间扩展到mylv中

同步文件系统的储存空间

[root@localhost ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/myvg/mylv --- 适用xfs系统
meta-data=/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv  isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=262144 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1048576, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1048576 to 2619392