在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+restTemplate。
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。
建一个服务消费者
新建一个module,取名:service-ribbon
1、pom.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.bingo</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>消费者服务</description>
<parent>
<groupId>com.bingo</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-example</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2、在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon
3、在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。
package com.bingo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced //表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4、在上一章eureka-client服务中写一个测试接口:
package com.bingo.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloController {
@Value("${server.port}")
String port;
@RequestMapping("/hi")
public String home(@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "forezp") String name) {
return "hi " + name + " ,i am from port:" + port;
}
}
5、eureka-client服务中的配置文件中的端口分别为8762、8763
6、service-ribbon项目中编写测试类:
package com.bingo.service;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String hiService(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
}
package com.bingo.controller;
import com.bingo.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@GetMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name) {
return helloService.hiService( name );
}
}
7、启动两个eureka-client实例(--spring.profiles.active=2)
以此启动项目
在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=zhangsan,浏览器交替显示:
这说明当我们通过调用restTemplate.getForObject("http://EUREKA-CLIENT/hi?name="+name,String.class)方法时,已经做了负载均衡,访问了不同的端口的服务实例。
此时的架构
- 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761
- service-client工程跑了两个实例,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册
- sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
- 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-client的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-client:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口;
参考资料: