如何在 Linux 中安装 Rust 编程语言

Rust 通常被称为 rust-lang。Rust 是一个由 Mozilla Research 赞助的通用的、多范式、现代的、跨平台和开源系统编程语言。

它旨在实现安全性、速度和并发性等目标。

Rust 在语法上与 C++ 相似，但它的设计者希望它在保持性能的同时提供更好的内存安全性。

Rust 目前在许多组织中使用，例如 Firefox、Chef、Dropbox、Oracle、GNOME 等。

一：如何在 Linux 中安装 Rust 语言？

 我们可以通过多种方式安装 Rust，但以下是官方推荐的安装方式。

$ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh

输入命令后控制台输出：
root@node_super:~# curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
info: downloading installer

Welcome to Rust!

This will download and install the official compiler for the Rust
programming language, and its package manager, Cargo.

It will add the cargo, rustc, rustup and other commands to
Cargo's bin directory, located at:

  /root/.cargo/bin

This can be modified with the CARGO_HOME environment variable.

Rustup metadata and toolchains will be installed into the Rustup
home directory, located at:

  /root/.rustup

This can be modified with the RUSTUP_HOME environment variable.

This path will then be added to your PATH environment variable by
modifying the profile file located at:

  /root/.profile

You can uninstall at any time with rustup self uninstall and
these changes will be reverted.

Current installation options:


   default host triple: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
     default toolchain: stable
               profile: default
  modify PATH variable: yes

1) Proceed with installation (default)
2) Customize installation
3) Cancel installation
>

info: profile set to 'default'
info: default host triple is x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
info: syncing channel updates for 'stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu'
463.3 KiB / 463.3 KiB (100 %)  94.6 KiB/s in  2s ETA:  0s
info: latest update on 2020-03-12, rust version 1.42.0 (b8cedc004 2020-03-09)
info: downloading component 'cargo'
  4.8 MiB /   4.8 MiB (100 %) 707.4 KiB/s in  7s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'clippy'
  1.8 MiB /   1.8 MiB (100 %) 887.5 KiB/s in  3s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-docs'
 12.0 MiB /  12.0 MiB (100 %)   1.6 MiB/s in  9s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rust-std'
 17.1 MiB /  17.1 MiB (100 %)   2.5 MiB/s in  8s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustc'
 58.6 MiB /  58.6 MiB (100 %)   3.4 MiB/s in 20s ETA:  0s
info: downloading component 'rustfmt'
  3.0 MiB /   3.0 MiB (100 %)   2.9 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'cargo'
info: installing component 'clippy'
info: installing component 'rust-docs'
 12.0 MiB /  12.0 MiB (100 %)   7.0 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rust-std'
 17.1 MiB /  17.1 MiB (100 %)  10.5 MiB/s in  1s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustc'
 58.6 MiB /  58.6 MiB (100 %)   8.8 MiB/s in  6s ETA:  0s
info: installing component 'rustfmt'
info: default toolchain set to 'stable'

  stable installed - rustc 1.42.0 (b8cedc004 2020-03-09)


Rust is installed now. Great!

To get started you need Cargo's bin directory ($HOME/.cargo/bin) in your PATH
environment variable. Next time you log in this will be done
automatically.

To configure your current shell run source $HOME/.cargo/env

运行以下命令配置当前 shell。

$ source $HOME/.cargo/env

运行以下命令验证已安装的 Rust 版本。

$ rustc --version

二、运行Rust简单的代码

 安装 Rust 后，请按照以下步骤检查 Rust 语言是否正常工作。

mkdir /home/rust/
cd /home/rust/
vim test.rs

写入如下代码

fn main() {
 println!("Hello, welcome to come Rust!");
}

运行以下命令编译 rust 代码。

rustc test.rs

上面的命令将在同一目录中创建一个可执行的 Rust 程序。

ls -lh

 运行 Rust 可执行文件得到输出。

./test
Hello, welcome to come Rust!

将 Rust 更新到最新版本。

rustup update

运行以下命令从系统中删除 Rust 包。

rustup self uninstall