1103 Integer Factorization (30 分)

The K−PK-PK−P factorization of a positive integer NNN is to write NNN as the sum of the PPP-th power of KKK positive integers. You are supposed to write a program to find the K−PK-PK−P factorization of NNN for any positive integers NNN, KKK and PPP.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which gives in a line the three positive integers NNN (≤400\le 400≤400), KKK (≤N\le N≤N) and PPP (1<P≤71 < P\le 71<P≤7). The numbers in a line are separated by a space.

Output Specification:

For each case, if the solution exists, output in the format:

N = n[1]^P + ... n[K]^P

where n[i] (i = 1, ..., K) is the i-th factor. All the factors must be printed in non-increasing order.

Note: the solution may not be unique. For example, the 5-2 factorization of 169 has 9 solutions, such as 122+42+22+22+1212^2 + 4^2 + 2^2 + 2^2 + 1^212​2​​+4​2​​+2​2​​+2​2​​+1​2​​, or 112+62+22+22+2211^2 + 6^2 + 2^2 + 2^2 + 2^211​2​​+6​2​​+2​2​​+2​2​​+2​2​​, or more. You must output the one with the maximum sum of the factors. If there is a tie, the largest factor sequence must be chosen -- sequence { a1,a2,⋯,aKa_1, a_2, \cdots , a_Ka​1​​,a​2​​,⋯,a​K​​ } is said to be larger than { b1,b2,⋯,bKb_1, b_2, \cdots , b_Kb​1​​,b​2​​,⋯,b​K​​ } if there exists 1≤L≤K1\le L\le K1≤L≤K such that ai=bia_i=b_ia​i​​=b​i​​ for i<Li<Li<L and aL>bLa_L>b_La​L​​>b​L​​.

If there is no solution, simple output Impossible.

Sample Input 1:

169 5 2

Sample Output 1:

169 = 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 6^2 + 5^2

Sample Input 2:

169 167 3

Sample Output 2:

Impossible

题目大意：给出N，K，P，求最大组合使得 N = n[1]^P + ... n[K]^P, n[i]为N的因子，可重复

注意：最大只若两个组合均符合条件，取因子之和较大的，若因子之和相同，各自因子从前往后比，首先较大者取之

思路：递归，参数有四（当前尝试因子，当前已计入的因子个数，当前sumN，当前因子之和）

• 下一步dfs（x）之前剪枝
• 还是要“循规蹈矩”
• 判断“最大”易错
• dfs（x-1），而非for（）……
• memcpy(ans,cur,K*sizeof(int));
   

#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
int N,P,K;
int cur[405];
int ans[405];
int p[405];
int flag=0,fsum,maxfsum=-INF;
void init() {
	for(int i=1; i<405; i++)
		p[i]=pow(i,P);
}
bool judge() {
	for(int i=0; i<K; i++) {
		if(cur[i]>ans[i]) return true;
		else if(cur[i]<ans[i])return false;
	}
	return false;
}
void dfs(int x,int nowk,int nowsum,int fsum) {
	if(nowk==K&&nowsum==N) {
		if(!flag) flag=1;
		if((fsum>maxfsum)||((fsum==maxfsum)&&judge())) {
			memcpy(ans,cur,K*sizeof(int));
			maxfsum=fsum;
		}
		return;
	}
	if(nowk>=K||nowsum>=N) return;
	if(x>=1) {
		cur[nowk]=x;
		if(nowsum+p[x]<=N)
			dfs(x,nowk+1,nowsum+p[x],fsum+x);
		cur[nowk]=0;//
		dfs(x-1,nowk,nowsum,fsum);
	}
}
int main() {
	cin>>N>>K>>P;
	init();   //建求和表
	memset(cur,0,sizeof cur);
	dfs(sqrt(N),0,0,0);
	if(flag==0) cout<<"Impossible\n";
	else {
		printf("%d = ",N);
		for(int i=0; i<K-1; i++)
			printf("%d^%d + ",ans[i],P);
		printf("%d^%d\n",ans[K-1],P);
	}
	return 0;
}