C++ vscode 开发环境搭建
笔记内容:
- C++ vscode 开发环境搭建准备
- 了解g++命令编译调试
- 掌握使用launch.json和tasks.json配置文件编译调试
- 了解使用cmake构建
git:
https://github.com/weichangk/hellocpp/tree/master/vscodecmakecpp
环境搭建准备
- 安装vscode
- 安装qt,通过Qt在线安装工具可以选择安装cmake(构建工具),mingw64(编译套件)
Qt安装可以参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39827640/article/details/127411878?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502
Qt在线安装工具下载:https://download.qt.io/archive/online_installers/4.5/ - 配置cmake,mingw64环境变量
- D:\Qt\Tools\CMake_64\bin
- D:\Qt\Tools\mingw810_64\bin
- 安装插件
- C/C++
- C/C++ Themes
- C/C++ Extension Pack
- CMake
创建一个hello World
基于g++命令编译调试
参考:
https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/cpp-header.html
https://www.runoob.com/w3cnote/gcc-parameter-detail.html
https://blog.csdn.net/Three_dog/article/details/103688043
C++的编译过程
-
编译预处理:主要对包含的头文件(#include )和宏定义(#define,#ifdef … )还有注释等进行处理。
g++ -E test.cpp -o test.ii
g++ -E main.cpp -o main.ii -
编译:C++ 语法错误的检查,检查无误后,g++ 把代码翻译成汇编语言。
g++ -S test.ii -o test.s
g++ -S main.ii -o main.s -
汇编:g++ 汇编阶段:生成目标代码 *.o
g++ -c test.s -o test.o
g++ -c main.s -o main.o -
g++ 链接阶段:生成可执行文件;Windows下生成.exe
g++ main.o test.o -o multi.exe
带-g参数生成带调试信息的可执行文件并执行调试
-
g++编译单文件
g++ -g main.cpp -o single
.\single.exe -
g++编译多个文件
g++ -g main.cpp test.h test.cpp -o multi
.\multi.exe
使用launch.json和tasks.json配置文件启动编译调试
参考:
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-mingw
.vscode文件夹中文件作用注释:
- tasks.json (构建指令)
- launch.json (设置调试器)
- c_cpp_properties.json (编译器路径和智能感知设置)
- settings.json
-
生成默认的tasks.json文件
VSCode中Task的使用参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_53653262/article/details/120859147
选择一个cpp文件,打开“终端”菜单“配置默认生成任务”选择“C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件”,文件如下:{ "version": "2.0.0", "tasks": [ { "type": "cppbuild", "label": "C/C++: g++.exe 生成活动文件", "command": "D:\\Qt\\Tools\\mingw810_64\\bin\\g++.exe", "args": [ "-fdiagnostics-color=always", "-g", "${file}", "-o", "${fileDirname}\\${fileBasenameNoExtension}.exe" ], "options": { "cwd": "${fileDirname}" }, "problemMatcher": [ "$gcc" ], "group": { "kind": "build", "isDefault": true }, "detail": "编译器: D:\\Qt\\Tools\\mingw810_64\\bin\\g++.exe" } ] }
-
生成默认的launch.json文件
更多内容可参考:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_16587307/article/details/106593867
点击调试按钮,创建launch.json文件,选择对应的项目或工作区,选择g++.exe生成和调试活动文件,如果没有g++(GDB/LLDB)选项可以将c++插件退回到1.8.4(右键插件安装另一个版本),文件如下:{ // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。 // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。 // 欲了解更多信息,请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387 "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "name": "(gdb) 启动", "type": "cppdbg", "request": "launch", "program": "输入程序名称,例如 ${workspaceFolder}/a.exe", "args": [], "stopAtEntry": false, "cwd": "${fileDirname}", "environment": [], "externalConsole": false, "MIMode": "gdb", "miDebuggerPath": "/path/to/gdb", "setupCommands": [ { "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印", "text": "-enable-pretty-printing", "ignoreFailures": true }, { "description": "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel", "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel", "ignoreFailures": true } ] } ] }
-
修改tasks.json launch.json文件关键参数
详细参数说明参考:
https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/cpp/config-mingw
- tasks.json
- label
- command
- args
- options cwd
- launch.json
- program
- cwd
- miDebuggerPath
- preLaunchTask
-
修改后的文件
//tasks.json { "version": "2.0.0", "tasks": [ { "type": "cppbuild", "label": "C/C++: g++.exe vscodecmakecpp", "command": "D:\\Qt\\Tools\\mingw810_64\\bin\\g++.exe", "args": [ "-fdiagnostics-color=always", "-g", "main.cpp", "test.cpp", "-o", "${workspaceFolder}\\src\\${workspaceFolderBasename}.exe" ], "options": { "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}\\src" }, "problemMatcher": [ "$gcc" ], "group": { "kind": "build", "isDefault": true }, "detail": "编译器: D:\\Qt\\Tools\\mingw810_64\\bin\\g++.exe" } ] } //launch.json { "version": "0.2.0", "configurations": [ { "name": "(gdb) 启动", "type": "cppdbg", "request": "launch", "program": "${workspaceFolder}\\src\\${workspaceFolderBasename}.exe", "args": [], "stopAtEntry": false, "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}\\src", "environment": [], "externalConsole": false, "MIMode": "gdb", "miDebuggerPath": "D:\\Qt\\Tools\\mingw810_64\\bin\\gdb.exe", "setupCommands": [ { "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印", "text": "-enable-pretty-printing", "ignoreFailures": true }, { "description": "将反汇编风格设置为 Intel", "text": "-gdb-set disassembly-flavor intel", "ignoreFailures": true } ], "preLaunchTask": "C/C++: g++.exe vscodecmakecpp"//关联tasks.json文件 } ] }
-
tasks.json launch.json之间的关系
- tasks.json:g++构建指令,可以直接在“终端”选择“运行任务”中选择构建任务执行编译。
- launch.json:gdb调试器参数,附加tasks.json可以通过vscode执行编译调试并输出调试信息。
- c_cpp_properties.json 配置文件作用是:代码提示、代码跳转等
参考:
https://blog.csdn.net/fdfdsds/article/details/102248876
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40694527/article/details/84251461
基于cmake编译调试
关于cmake的更多内容参考(后续写关于cmake的学习笔记):
https://cmake.org/documentation/
https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-cmake-tools/blob/main/docs/README.md
添加CMakeLists.txt文件
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(vscodecmakecpp LANGUAGES CXX)
set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "d:/Qt/5.15.2/mingw81_64")
aux_source_directory(./src SRCS)
add_executable(${PROJECT_NAME}
${SRCS}
)
CMake:select a kit(如果无选项可以先确保配置环境变量后使用Scan for kits搜索,或重启vscode再搜索再选择)
CMake指令:F7编译、Ctrl + F5调试
使用launch.json结合CMakeLists.txt配置文件进行调试,直接使用vscode F5启动调试
通过修改launch.json文件"program": "${command:cmake.launchTargetPath}“参数使得launch.json使用CMakeLists.txt构建输出文件作为启动目标路径。
删掉"preLaunchTask”: “C/C++: g++.exe vscodecmakecpp” 关联了CMakeLists.txt就不需要关联tasks.json文件了。