java多线程之-线程间的通信

一个生产者与一个消费者

1. 使用的方法：

   wait():使线程停止并释放锁。
   notify()：叫醒线程。

2. 例子

工具类

public class ValueObject {
    public static String value="";
}

生产者

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class Product {

    private String lock;

    public Product(String lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
    }

    public void setValue() {
        try {
            synchronized (lock) {
                if (!ValueObject.value.equals("")) {
                    lock.wait();
                }
                String value = System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + System.nanoTime();
                System.out.println("set的值是" + value);
                ValueObject.value = value;
                lock.notify();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

消费者

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class C {
    private String lock;
    public C(String lock){
        super();
        this.lock=lock;
    }
    public void  getValue(){
        try {
            synchronized(lock){
                if (ValueObject.value.equals("")) {
                    lock.wait();                  
                }
                System.out.println("get的值是"+ValueObject.value);
                ValueObject.value="";
                lock.notify();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

线程类

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class ThreadP extends Thread{
   private Product p;
   public ThreadP(Product p){
       super();
       this.p = p;
   }
   @Override
   public void run(){
       while (true) {           
           p.setValue();
       }
   }
}

线程类

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class ThreadCc extends Thread{
    private C c;
    
    public ThreadCc(C c){
        super();
        this.c = c;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while (true) {            
            c.getValue();
        }
    }
   //在这里运行 
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String lock=new String("");
        Product p = new Product(lock);
        C c = new C(lock);
        ThreadP pThread = new ThreadP(p);
        ThreadCc rThread = new ThreadCc(c);
        pThread.start();
        rThread.start();
        
    }
}

结果

set的值是1543303341507_1059415405779753
get的值是1543303341507_1059415405779753
set的值是1543303341507_1059415406123851
get的值是1543303341507_1059415406123851
set的值是1543303341508_1059415406526419
get的值是1543303341508_1059415406526419
set的值是1543303341508_1059415406739753
get的值是1543303341508_1059415406739753
set的值是1543303341508_1059415406818765
get的值是1543303341508_1059415406818765
set的值是1543303341508_1059415406979950
get的值是1543303341508_1059415406979950
set的值是1543303341508_1059415407143111
get的值是1543303341508_1059415407143111

多个消费者多个生产者

1. 使用的方法

   wait():停止线程释放锁。
   notifyall():叫醒所有的线程。

2. 例子
   工具类

public class ValueObject {
    public static String value="";
}

生产者

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class Product {

    private String lock;

    public Product(String lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
    }

    public void setValue() {
        try {
            synchronized (lock) {
                if (!ValueObject.value.equals("")) {
                    System.out.println("生产者 "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"waiting 了 *");
                    lock.wait();
                }
                String value = System.currentTimeMillis() + "_" + System.nanoTime();
                System.out.println("生产者 " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"RUNNING 了");
                ValueObject.value = value;
                lock.notify();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

消费者

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class C {
    private String lock;
    public C(String lock){
        super();
        this.lock=lock;
    }
    public void  getValue(){
        try {
            synchronized(lock){
                while (ValueObject.value.equals("")) {
                     System.out.println("消费者  "+Thread.currentThread().getName()+"waiting 了 *");
                    lock.wait();                
                }
                 System.out.println("消费者  " + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"RUNNING 了");
                ValueObject.value="";
                lock.notifyAll();
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

线程类

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class ThreadP extends Thread{
   private Product p;
   public ThreadP(Product p){
       super();
       this.p = p;
   }
   @Override
   public void run(){
       while (true) {           
           p.setValue();
       }
   }
}

/*
 * To change this license header, choose License Headers in Project Properties.
 * To change this template file, choose Tools | Templates
 * and open the template in the editor.
 */
package Thread;

/**
 *
 * @author zjq
 */
public class ThreadCc extends Thread{
    private C c;
    
    public ThreadCc(C c){
        super();
        this.c = c;
    }
    
    @Override
    public void run(){
        while (true) {            
            c.getValue();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        String lock=new String("");
        Product p = new Product(lock);
        C c = new C(lock);
        ThreadP[] pThread = new ThreadP[2];
        ThreadCc[] rThread = new ThreadCc[2];
        for(int i=0;i<2;i++){
            pThread[i]=new ThreadP(p);
            pThread[i].setName("生产者"+(i+1));
            rThread[i]=new ThreadCc(c);
            rThread[i].setName("消费者"+(i+1));
            pThread[i].start();
            rThread[i].start();
        }
        Thread.sleep(5000);
        Thread[] threadArray = new Thread[Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().activeCount()];
        Thread.currentThread().getThreadGroup().enumerate(threadArray);
        for(int i=0;i<threadArray.length;i++){
            System.out.println(threadArray[i].getName()+" "+threadArray[i].getState());
        }
    }
}

运行结果

生产者 生产者1RUNNING 了
消费者  消费者2RUNNING 了
消费者  消费者2waiting 了 *
消费者  消费者1waiting 了 *
生产者 生产者2RUNNING 了
生产者 生产者2waiting 了 *
........

结果分析：如果不适用notifyall的话，生产者之间相互唤醒的话就容易造线程的假死状态。