1.ListView的简单用法
activity_main.xml中的代码:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list_view"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"></ListView>
</LinearLayout>
即一个简单的ListView控件
MainActivity.java中的代码:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private String[] data = new String[]{"zhangSan","LiSi",
"ZhaoQian","SunLi","ZhouWu","ZhengWang"};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>
(MainActivity.this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
}
数组中的数据无法直接传递给ListView,需要通过适配器来完成。ArrayAdapter就是一个适配器,可以通过泛型来指定要适配的数据类型,然后在构造函数中把要适配的数据传入。ArrayAdapter有多个构造函数的重载,根据情况选择。这里由于我们提供的数据是String,所以ArrayAdapter的泛型指定为String。然后在ArrayAdapterd的构造函数中依次传入当前上下文,ListView子项布局的id( 这里是一个Android内置的布局文件,里面只有一个TextView),以及要适配的数据。
最后还需要用ListView的setAdapter()方法,将构建好的适配器对象传递进去,这样ListView和数据之间的关联就建立完成了。
运行结果:
2.自定义ListView的界面
实体类对象Person:
public class Person {
private String name;
private int imageId;
public Person(String name,int imageId){
this.name = name;
this.imageId = imageId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public int getImageId() {
return imageId;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setImageId(int imageId) {
this.imageId = imageId;
}
}
ListView子项的自定义布局(新建person_item):
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/person_image"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/person_name"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"
android:text="姓名"/>
</LinearLayout>
自定义适配器(PersonAdapter继承自ArrayAdapter)
public class PersonAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Person> {
private int resourceId;
public PersonAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId, List<Person> objects){
super(context,textViewResourceId,objects);
resourceId = textViewResourceId;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Person person = getItem(position);//获取当前项的Person实例
View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
ImageView personImage = view.findViewById(R.id.person_image);
TextView personName = view.findViewById(R.id.person_name);
personImage.setImageResource(person.getImageId());
personName.setText(person.getName());
return view;
}
}
PersonAdapter重写了父类的一组构造函数,用于将上下文,ListView子项布局id和数据都传递进来。另外又重写了getView()方法,在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候会被调用。在getView()方法,首先调用getItem()方法获得当前项的实例,然后,使用LayoutInflater来为这个子项加载我们传入的布局。
然后View的findViewById()方法分别获取到ImageView和TextView的实例,通过调用setImageResource()和setText()方法来设置显示的图片和文字,最后布局返回。
MainActivity类:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initPersons();
PersonAdapter adapter = new PersonAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.person_item,personList);
ListView listView = findViewById(R.id.list_view);
listView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
public void initPersons(){
for(int i = 0;i < 50;i++){
Person person = new Person("ZhangSan",R.drawable.timg);
personList.add(person);
Person person1 = new Person("LiSi",R.drawable.timg_1);
personList.add(person1);
Person person2 = new Person("ZhouWu",R.drawable.timg_2);
personList.add(person2);
Person person3 = new Person("ZhaoQian",R.drawable.timg_3);
personList.add(person3);
Person person4 = new Person("SunLi",R.drawable.timg_4);
personList.add(person4);
Person person5 = new Person("WangEr",R.drawable.timg_5);
}
}
}
initPersons方法用于初始化personList的数据,adapter创建和之前一样,传入参数,最后setAdapter()方法传入adopter。
运行结果:
3.提升ListView的运行效率
两个方面提高效率,加载布局的效率和初始化实例的效率
PersonAdapter中的getView方法修改:
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
Person person = getItem(position);//获取当前项的Person实例
View view;
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if(convertView == null){
view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
viewHolder.personImage = view.findViewById(R.id.person_image);
viewHolder.personTextView = view.findViewById(R.id.person_name);
view.setTag(viewHolder);//将ViewHolder存储到View中
}else{
view = convertView;
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();
}
viewHolder.personImage.setImageResource(person.getImageId());
viewHolder.personTextView.setText(person.getName());
// View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
//
// ImageView personImage = view.findViewById(R.id.person_image);
// TextView personName = view.findViewById(R.id.person_name);
// personImage.setImageResource(person.getImageId());
// personName.setText(person.getName());
return view;
}
class ViewHolder{
ImageView personImage;
TextView personTextView;
}
如果convertView为null,使用LayoutInflater去加载布局;不为null,则直接对convertView进行重用。
内部类ViewHolder,实现对数据的缓冲。当convertView为null时,创建ViewHolder实例,将控件的实例都存放在ViewHolder中,调用View的setTag()方法,将ViewHolder的对象存储在View中。当convertView不为null时,调用view的getTag()方法,把ViewHolder重新取出。
4.ListView的点击事件
setOnItemClickListener方法
MainActivity代码:
listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Person person = personList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,person.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
6.RcyclerView的简单用法
首先需要在app/build.gradle文件,dependencies闭包中添加依赖:
dependencies {
implementation fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar'])
implementation 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:28.0.0'
implementation 'com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.3'
implementation 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:28.0.0'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.12'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test:runner:1.0.2'
androidTestImplementation 'com.android.support.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.0.2'
}
将person_item.layout和person类拷贝至新工程,省的代码重写。
新建PersonAdapter类,继承RecyclerView.Adapter, 并将范类指定为Person.ViewHolder(内部类)
PersonAdapter类
public class PersonAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<PersonAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private List<Person> mPersonList;
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
ImageView personImage;
TextView personText;
public ViewHolder(View view){
super(view);
personImage = view.findViewById(R.id.person_image);
personText = view.findViewById(R.id.person_name);
}
}
public PersonAdapter(List<Person> personList){
mPersonList = personList;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).
inflate(R.layout.person_item,parent,false);
ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
return holder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Person person = mPersonList.get(position);
holder.personImage.setImageResource(person.getImageId());
holder.personText.setText(person.getName());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mPersonList.size();
}
}
内部类ViewHolder,构造函数传入View参数,这个参数通常是ReyeclerView子项的最外层布局,通过findViewById()方法可以获取布局的ImageView和TextView实例。
PersonAdapter中也有一个构造函数,用于把要展示的数据源传进来,赋值给全局变量mPersonList。
重写onCreateViewHolder方法,创建ViewHolder实例,将person_item布局加载到构造函数中,最后把ViewHolder实例返回。
重写onBindViewHolder方法,对子项数据进行赋值初始化。
重写getItemCount()方法,返回数据源的长度。
MainActivity类:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initPersons();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.reyecler_view);
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
PersonAdapter adapter = new PersonAdapter(personList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
public void initPersons(){
for(int i = 0;i < 50;i++){
Person person = new Person(" ZhangSan",R.drawable.timg);
personList.add(person);
Person person1 = new Person("LiSi",R.drawable.timg_1);
personList.add(person1);
Person person2 = new Person("ZhouWu",R.drawable.timg_2);
personList.add(person2);
Person person3 = new Person("ZhenSan",R.drawable.timg_3);
personList.add(person3);
Person person4 = new Person("SunSi",R.drawable.timg_4);
personList.add(person4);
Person person5 = new Person("QianLiu",R.drawable.timg_5);
personList.add(person5);
}
}
}
获取ReyeclerView对象,然后创建一个LinearLayoutManager对象(线性布局),设置到ReyeclerView对象中。然后获取PersonAdapter实例,将数据传入构建方法,最后ReyeclerView对象实现setAdaper方法传入PersonAdatper实例。
7.实现横向滚动,瀑布流和表格布局
横向滚动:
新建子项布局person_item_2.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/person_image_2"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/person_name_2"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
PersonAdapter中的相应控件名称进行修改。
最重要的是修改MainActivity中的LinearLayoutManager设置。
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initPersons();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.reyecler_view);
LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);//线性布局
layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(layoutManager);
PersonAdapter adapter = new PersonAdapter(personList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
通过LinearLayoutManager的setOrientation()方法来设置布局的排列方向。
运行结果:
瀑布流布局:
新建子项布局person_item_3.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/person_image_3"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/person_name_3"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
LinearLayout的宽度改成了match_parent,因为瀑布流布局的宽度是根据布局列数在适配的,不是固定值。
PersonAdapter中的相应控件名称进行修改。
最重要的是修改MainActivity中的StaggeredGridLayoutManager设置。
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initPersons();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.reyecler_view);
// LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);//线性布局
// layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
//瀑布布局
StaggeredGridLayoutManager staggeredGridLayoutManager = new
StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(staggeredGridLayoutManager);
PersonAdapter adapter = new PersonAdapter(personList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
StaggeredGridLayoutManager的构造函数接收2个参数,第一个是指定布局的列数,第二个是布局的排列方向。
运行结果:
表格布局:
新建子项布局person_item_4.xml:
<<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/person_image_4"
android:layout_width="50dp"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/person_name_4"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center"/>
</LinearLayout>
PersonAdapter中的相应控件名称进行修改。
最重要的是修改MainActivity中的GridLayoutManager 设置。
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<>();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initPersons();
RecyclerView recyclerView = findViewById(R.id.reyecler_view);
// LinearLayoutManager layoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);//线性布局
// layoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.HORIZONTAL);
//瀑布布局
// StaggeredGridLayoutManager staggeredGridLayoutManager = new
// StaggeredGridLayoutManager(3,StaggeredGridLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
GridLayoutManager gridLayoutManager = new GridLayoutManager
(this,5);
recyclerView.setLayoutManager(gridLayoutManager);
PersonAdapter adapter = new PersonAdapter(personList);
recyclerView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
GridLayoutManager 的构造函数接收2个参数,第一个是布局,第二个是指定布局的列数。
运行结果:
8.RecyclerView的点击事件
在子项具体的View中去注册点击事件。
PersonAdapter代码:
public class PersonAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<PersonAdapter.ViewHolder> {
private List<Person> mPersonList;
static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder{
View personView;
ImageView personImage;
TextView personText;
public ViewHolder(View view){
super(view);
personView = view;
personImage = view.findViewById(R.id.person_image_4);
personText = view.findViewById(R.id.person_name_4);
}
}
public PersonAdapter(List<Person> personList){
mPersonList = personList;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull final ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
View view = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).
inflate(R.layout.person_item_4,parent,false);
final ViewHolder holder = new ViewHolder(view);
holder.personView.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Person person = mPersonList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),person.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
holder.personImage.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
int position = holder.getAdapterPosition();
Person person = mPersonList.get(position);
Toast.makeText(v.getContext(),person.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();;
}
});
return holder;
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ViewHolder holder, int position) {
Person person = mPersonList.get(position);
holder.personImage.setImageResource(person.getImageId());
holder.personText.setText(person.getName());
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return mPersonList.size();
}
}
修改了ViewHolder,在ViewHolder中添加了personView变量来保存子项最外层布局的实例,然后在onCreateViewHolder()方法中注册点击事件就可以。这里我们将最外层布局和图片控件注册了点击事件,先获取点击的position,通过position得到实例,Toast实例的姓名。
9.ListView和RecycleView的区别:
1)ListView布局单一,RecycleView可以根据LayoutManger有横向,瀑布和表格布局
2)自定义适配器中,ListView的适配器继承ArrayAdapter;RecycleView的适配器继承RecyclerAdapter,并将范类指定为子项对象类.ViewHolder(内部类)。
3)ListView优化需要自定义ViewHolder和判断convertView是否为null。 而RecyclerView是存在规定好的ViewHolder。
4)绑定事件的方式不同,ListView是在主方法中ListView对象的setOnItemClickListener方法;RecyclerView则是在子项具体的View中去注册事件。
参考:
《第一行代码》
两者区别具体看:https://blog.csdn.net/shu_lance/article/details/79566189