Linux之ubuntu下启动mysql的详细步骤及常见错误整理

MySQL指令——基础操作

1 启动步骤

1.1 打开终端，启动服务端
mysqld_safe
运行成功界面如下所示：

运行失败界面如下所示，失败信息查看文件/var/log/mysql/error.log：

1.2 另开终端，登陆客户端
mysql -u root -p
输入密码，登录成功如下如下所示：

补充说明：默认情况下 MySQL 服务器的登录密码为空，所以第一次登陆执行mysql即可

2 mysqld_safe启动失败错误原因及处理办法整理

2.1 Can’t start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied

• 终端提示：

user@ubuntu:~$ mysqld_safe 
210902 01:25:19 mysqld_safe Can't log to error log and syslog at the same time.  Remove all --log-error configuration options for --syslog to take effect.
210902 01:25:19 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
210902 01:25:19 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
210902 01:25:21 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

查看/var/log/mysql/error.log错误日志：

210902  2:02:41 [ERROR] Can't start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied
 51 210902  2:02:41 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock ?

• 问题原因：
  进程没有/var/run/mysqld目录的操作权限。
• 解决方法：

cd /var/run/
sudo chown -R mysql:mysql mysqld/
sudo chmod 777 mysqld/

2.2 cannot create /var/log/mysql/error.log: Permission denied

• 终端提示：

user@ubuntu:~$ mysqld_safe 
210913 18:16:36 mysqld_safe Can't log to error log and syslog at the same time.  Remove all --log-error configuration options for --syslog to take effect.
210913 18:16:36 mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysql/error.log'.
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe: 135: /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: cannot create /var/log/mysql/error.log: Permission denied
210913 18:16:36 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe: 135: /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: cannot create /var/log/mysql/error.log: Permission denied
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe: 1: eval: cannot create /var/log/mysql/error.log: Permission denied
210913 18:16:36 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe: 135: /usr/bin/mysqld_safe: cannot create /var/log/mysql/error.log: Permission denied

• 问题原因：
  没有/var/log/mysql/error.log的操作权限，进入到/var/log/mysql目录，键入ls -l查看文件属性，结果如下图：
• 解决方法：
  方法1：修改文件权限：sudo chown -R user:user error.log
  方法2：删除文件：sudo rm error.log