磁盘扩展和缩减知识汇总
新增分区，挂靠到新的目录方法
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1,首先通过命令lsblk 查看增加分区的情况；
[root@apptrace0011 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 501G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot ├─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part │ ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / │ ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP] │ └─centos-home 253:2 0 445.1G 0 lvm /home └─sda3 8:3 0 301G 0 part └─centos-home 253:2 0 445.1G 0 lvm /home sdb 8:16 0 10G 0 disk sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom关于sda/sdb说明，如果通过vmmare 虚拟机控制台等工具，直接在原有的1个硬盘扩充的存储空间；如原有硬盘是200G，
扩充到500G扩充后，扩充的存储还是在sda分区下；如果新增一个硬盘，是在sdb分区，依次类推sdc…… -
2，通过命令fdisk -l
[root@apptrace0011 ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 537.9 GB, 537944653824 bytes, 1050673152 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000e999c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 1 FAT12 /dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 419430400 1050673151 315621376 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 477.9 GB, 477940940800 bytes, 933478400 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes查看到sda 硬盘和sdb硬盘的情况，sda都已经做分区（但还有空间可以进行分区，下种类型讲）
sdb还未有分区；如果新增了硬盘，没有看到可以执行命令：
partprobe /dev/sdb ,没有这个命令，自行安装 yum -y install parted -
3，如果新增硬盘在sdb下 可以按照如下方式直接挂载
fdisk /dev/sdb
输入m 查看用法 最常用几个用法 p 打印分区情况 n 新增分区； d删除分区；w保存 t改变格式
输入p 打印分区情况
输入 n新增分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 正常情况默认选中1；，如果上步p打印时已经有sdb1，输入2
然后输入t 改变分区格式Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Partition type (type L to list all types): L 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden or c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ea Rufus alignment e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD eb BeOS fs f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ee GPT 10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f1 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f4 SpeedStor 16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ f2 DOS secondary 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fb VMware VMFS 18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fc VMware VMKCORE 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fd Linux raid auto 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bc Acronis FAT32 L fe LANstep 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
选择8e Linux LVM 这个格式，(有的是83、linux格式的)
最后输入w 保存退出（不能漏掉）
Partition type (type L to list all types): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'.
如果保存出现错误,可以 partprobe /dev/sdb (没有数字）
然后再进入 fdisk /dev/sdb 继续上面的操作 甚至重启
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4，接着格式化：
centos7 可以用mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1，Ubuntu或者centos6 用mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1来格式
输入mkfs. 按tab键，可以看出有哪些格式[root@apptrace0011 ~]# mkfs. mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs -
5，进行挂载：
mount /dev/sdb1 /data/（新目录或者老目录，如果没有需求提前创建） -
6，开机生效，编辑 /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 0 0 UUID=3c94bedd-2b80-47d3-a3a4-05785847aa10 /boot xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-home /home xfs defaults 0 0 /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0把刚才的/data 添加进去
/dev/sdb1 /data xfs defaults 0 0 或者 UUID=3c94bedd-2b80-47d3-a3a4-05785847aa10 /data xfs defaults 0 0如果是在物理机上，增加硬盘后，最好填写uuid，分区是可以变化，uuid不会变；
- 7.其他命令 blkid查看挂载硬盘的UUID，如
blkid | grep "sdb*"，查看现有分区cat /proc/partitions
- 7.其他命令 blkid查看挂载硬盘的UUID，如
怎么把原有硬盘扩充的存储都挂靠到/home（或其他已有目录）
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1，查看新增硬盘情况，如下，原有硬盘从200G增加到300G
[root@part-add ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 300G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot └─sda2 8:2 0 199G 0 part ├─centos-root 253:0 0 50G 0 lvm / ├─centos-swap 253:1 0 3.9G 0 lvm [SWAP] └─centos-home 253:2 0 145.1G 0 lvm /home sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
再查看fdisk情况
[root@part-add ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000e999c
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 155.8 GB, 155818393600 bytes, 304332800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
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2，把增加的硬盘容量全部分到一个新分区sda3上
fdisk /dev/sda Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000e999c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (3,4, default 3): First sector (419430400-629145599, default 419430400): Using default value 419430400 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (419430400-629145599, default 629145599): Using default value 629145599 Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000e999c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 419430400 629145599 104857600 83 Linux Command (m for help): t Partition number (1-3, default 3): Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e （注意lvm格式） Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000e999c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 419430400 629145599 104857600 8e Linux LVM Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy. The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8) Syncing disks. [root@part-add ~]# partprobe /dev/sda [root@part-add ~]# partprobe /dev/sda3 [root@part-add ~]# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 322.1 GB, 322122547200 bytes, 629145600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x000e999c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM /dev/sda3 419430400 629145599 104857600 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 4160 MB, 4160749568 bytes, 8126464 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 155.8 GB, 155818393600 bytes, 304332800 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes -
3，新增分区格式化（执行顺序可以和下面第4部互换）
mkfs.xfs /dev/sda3 meta-data=/dev/sda3 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553600 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=26214400, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12800, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 -
4，增加物理卷： pvcreate 刚才创建的分区
[root@part-add ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3 WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/sda3 at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y Wiping xfs signature on /dev/sda3. Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.查看物理卷增加后的情况
[root@part-add ~]# pvdisplay 或者pvs --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name centos PV Size <199.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 50943 Free PE 1 Allocated PE 50942 PV UUID sa1cah-eS6t-c5sr-RnYs-PMhE-4CCx-Of0Fnl "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "100.00 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda3 VG Name PV Size 100.00 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID sYiCZM-0zBg-6yF0-tiN3-k8PL-2y9w-rTODx0 -
5，将物理卷加入到卷组
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1）先看卷组信息
[root@part-add ~]# vgdisplay 或者vgs --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <199.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 50943 Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB Free PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB VG UUID iza5sY-YoTh-ihTR-dLzZ-2CBx-M0dR-33bzW5
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2）把新的分区加入到卷组 vgextend centos（VG Name） /dev/sda3 （新分区）
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[root@part-add ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3 Volume group "centos" successfully extended - 3）再次查看 验证 [root@part-add ~]# vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name centos System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 2 Metadata Sequence No 5 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 3 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 2 Act PV 2 VG Size 298.99 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 76542 Alloc PE / Size 50942 / 198.99 GiB Free PE / Size 25600 / 100.00 GiB VG UUID iza5sY-YoTh-ihTR-dLzZ-2CBx-M0dR-33bzW5
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此时VG Size 大小已有 298.99 GiB
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6，扩充逻辑卷
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1）先通过下面命令查看系统里有哪些逻辑卷。
[root@part-add ~]# lvdisplay 或者lvs --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/swap LV Name swap VG Name centos LV UUID m8Dc95-LYbI-cxuG-hNc7-COoH-4Axh-7mamwX LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-08-31 18:38:32 +0800 LV Status available LV Size <3.88 GiB Current LE 992 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:1 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/home LV Name home VG Name centos LV UUID 1HItab-O0cU-CEkB-cplf-6axH-utqI-Fgxi5n LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-08-31 18:38:33 +0800 LV Status available LV Size <145.12 GiB Current LE 37150 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:2 --- Logical volume --- LV Path /dev/centos/root LV Name root VG Name centos LV UUID 2AdRQf-qOJb-h32O-SbVq-74yx-yic2-b8TyAR LV Write Access read/write LV Creation host, time localhost, 2018-08-31 18:38:34 +0800 LV Status available LV Size 50.00 GiB Current LE 12800 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 8192 Block device 253:0
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有/dev/centos/swap /dev/centos/home /dev/centos/root这三个逻辑卷, 其中逻辑卷/dev/centos/home （挂载点是home目录下）就是本次要扩充的对象（同理根目录/ 对应的 /dev/centos/root也可以安装此方法)
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2)扩充逻辑卷/dev/centos/home
lvextend -L +100G /dev/mapper/centos-home
或者：lvextend -l 提示数量（可以查看Current LE，如果提示太多，减少到提示的最多数量） /dev/mapper/centos-home
lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-home[root@part-add ~]# lvextend -L +100G /dev/mapper/centos-home Size of logical volume centos/home changed from <145.12 GiB (37150 extents) to <245.12 GiB (62750 extents). Logical volume centos/home successfully resized. -
3）扩充到文件系统（目录）中，xfs_growfs /dev/centos/home
如果是ext格式 则用resize2fs /dev/centos/home[root@part-add ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/centos/home meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=9510400 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=38041600, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=18575, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 38041600 to 64256000 [root@part-add ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 1.5G 49G 3% / devtmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 1.9G 8.9M 1.9G 1% /run tmpfs 1.9G 0 1.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 184M 831M 19% /boot tmpfs 380M 0 380M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/centos-home 246G 33M 246G 1% /home -
重启后再查看 df -h ，是扩充成功后的；一般不需重启。但最好mount -a 生效一下
新增磁盘挂载步骤概述
如何给服务器增加三块硬盘 ：
1，将三块硬盘增加到pv（物理卷）
pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
2,将pv加入到vg（卷）组
vgcreate datavg /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd
3,分配逻辑卷
lvcreate -l 50%FREE -n lv1 datavg
lvcreate -L +200M -n lv2 datavg
4,格式化逻辑卷
mkfs.xfs /dev/datavg/lv1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/datavg/lv2
5,挂载
mkdir /lv1 /lv2
mount /dev/datavg/lv1 /lv1
mount /dev/datavg/lv2 /lv2
扩展磁盘步骤概述
1，添加物理磁盘
pvcreate /dev/sdd
2，扩展到现有vg组
vgextend 现有卷组名称 /dev/sdd
3，扩充到现有逻辑卷中
lvextend -L +100G /dev/mapper/centos-home
lvextend -l +100%FREE(或者扩展数量) /dev/mapper/centos-home
4，扩充到文件系统中
xfs_growfs /dev/centos/home
resize2fs /dev/centos/home
vg组减小和迁移等步骤概述
1，减小vg
vgremove vg组名 /dev/sdd (或者其他要移动物理卷)
2，迁移vg
迁移vg里面的物理卷，必须是在同一个vg组中
vgmove /dev/sdb /dev/sdc (在线迁移)
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