【JavaWeb】注解方式配置过滤器

一、@WebFilter的源码

package jakarta.servlet.annotation;

import jakarta.servlet.DispatcherType;
import java.lang.annotation.Documented;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface WebFilter {
    String description() default "";

    String displayName() default "";

    // 用于定义初始参数，用来替代<init-param>
    WebInitParam[] initParams() default {};

    String filterName() default "";

    String smallIcon() default "";

    String largeIcon() default "";

    // 配置当前过滤器通过Servlet别名的方式对哪些Servlet的目标资源进行过滤的
    String[] servletNames() default {};

    // value是urlPatterns的别名，为value赋值就相当于在为urlPatterns赋值，如果注解中只要写路径一个属性，那么就可以直接省略不写了
    String[] value() default {};

    // 替代<url-pattern>来确定我们要过滤的请求
    String[] urlPatterns() default {};

    DispatcherType[] dispatcherTypes() default {DispatcherType.REQUEST};

    boolean asyncSupported() default false;
}

---

二、一个比较完整的Filter的XML配置

<!--配置filter,并为filter起别名-->
<filter>
    <filter-name>loggingFilter</filter-name>
    <filter-class>com.atguigu.filters.LoggingFilter</filter-class>
    <!--配置filter的初始参数-->
    <init-param>
        <param-name>dateTimePattern</param-name>
        <param-value>yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>
<!--为别名对应的filter配置要过滤的目标资源-->
<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>loggingFilter</filter-name>
    <!--通过映射路径确定过滤资源-->
    <url-pattern>/servletA</url-pattern>
    <!--通过后缀名确定过滤资源-->
    <url-pattern>*.html</url-pattern>
    <!--通过servlet别名确定过滤资源-->
    <servlet-name>servletBName</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>

---

三、将xml配置转换成注解方式实现

package com.atguigu.filters;


import jakarta.servlet.*;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

@WebFilter(
        filterName = "loggingFilter", // 当前filter的名字，这个不是很重要
        initParams = {@WebInitParam(name="dateTimePattern",value="yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss")},
        urlPatterns = {"/servletA","*.html"},
        servletNames = {"servletBName"}
)
public class LoggingFilter  implements Filter {
    private SimpleDateFormat dateFormat ;

    /*init初始化方法,通过filterConfig获取初始化参数
    * init方法中,可以用于定义一些其他初始化功能代码
    * */
    @Override
    public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
        // 获取初始参数
        String dateTimePattern = filterConfig.getInitParameter("dateTimePattern");
        // 初始化成员变量
        dateFormat=new SimpleDateFormat(dateTimePattern);
    }
    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        // 参数父转子
        HttpServletRequest request =(HttpServletRequest)  servletRequest;
        HttpServletResponse  response =(HttpServletResponse)  servletResponse;
        // 拼接日志文本
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI();
        String time = dateFormat.format(new Date());
        String beforeLogging =requestURI+"在"+time+"被请求了";
        // 打印日志
        System.out.println(beforeLogging);
        // 获取系统时间
        long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        // 放行请求
        filterChain.doFilter(request,response);
        // 获取系统时间
        long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        String afterLogging =requestURI+"在"+time+"的请求耗时:"+(t2-t1)+"毫秒";
        // 打印日志
        System.out.println(afterLogging);

    }
}