主席树求区间distinct num

题目地址](https://www.spoj.com/problems/DQUERY/en/)

#pragma GCC optimize(2)
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define lowbit(x) ((x)&(-x))
typedef long long ll;
const int maxn = 1e5+5;
const int mod = 1e9+9;
int Case = 1, n, m;
int root[maxn], tot;
struct node{
	int l, r;
	int sum;
}tr[maxn<<8];
void build(int l, int r, int &x) {
	x = ++tot;
	if(l == r) return ;
	int mid = (l+r)/2;
	build(l, mid, tr[x].l);
	build(mid+1, r, tr[x].r);
}
void update(int l, int r, int &x, int y, int pos, int c) {
	x = ++tot;
	tr[x] = tr[y];
	tr[x].sum += c;
	if(l == r) return;
	int mid = (l+r)/2;
	if(pos<=mid) update(l, mid, tr[x].l, tr[y].l, pos ,c);
	else update(mid+1, r, tr[x].r, tr[y].r, pos, c);
}
int query(int l, int r, int x, int pos) {
	if(l==r) return tr[x].sum;
	int mid = (l+r)/2;
	if(mid>=pos) return tr[tr[x].r].sum+query(l, mid, tr[x].l, pos);
	else return query(mid+1, r, tr[x].r, pos);
}
void solve() {
    scanf("%d", &n);tot = 0;
    map<int, int>last;
    build(1, n, root[0]);
    for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
    	int x, temp;scanf("%d", &x);
    	if(!last[x]) update(1, n, root[i], root[i-1], i, 1);
    	else 
    		update(1, n, temp, root[i-1], last[x], -1),
    		update(1, n, root[i], temp, i, 1);
    	last[x] = i;
    }
    scanf("%d", &m);
    for(int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
    	int l, r;scanf("%d%d", &l, &r);
    	printf("%d\n", query(1, n, root[r], l));
    }
    return;
}

int main() {
    //ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
    freopen("/Users/hannibal_lecter/Desktop/code/in.txt", "r", stdin);
    //freopen("/Users/hannibal_lecter/Desktop/code/out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    scanf("%d", &Case);
    while(Case--) {
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}