android学习笔记“ListView”十分常用的列表

android开发过程中我们经常会使用到ListView，由于手机屏幕的局限性当我们要显示多条数据时我们首先想到的就是ListView，ListView允许用户通过手指滑动的方式将屏幕外的数据滚动到屏幕内，而且我们可以对ListView中的数据设置点击监听事件。在我们运用ListView是最常用的就是定制的ListView，我们会自己定义其中的item样式，定义其中的点击监听事件。ListView十分容易理解，下面我将结合代码进行梳理。例子来源于郭霖的第一行代码。

首先定义一个实体类Fruit。这个就不多说了

package com.example.listviewtest;

public class Fruit {

    private String name;

    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }

}

接着修改activity_main.xml中的代码如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    </ListView>

</LinearLayout>

之后我们要自定义ListView中子项的布局了，layout目录下新建fruit_item.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_image"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp" />

</LinearLayout>

图片和文字是按默认水平排列的，这是ListView中子项的布局样式。

接着我们要自定义一个适配器，让适配器继承ArrayAdapter，并将泛型指定为Fruit类。新建类FruitAdapter。为了提升效率我们使用getView中的convertView参数，这个参数是用于将之前加载好的布局精心缓存，方便之后使用的，利用这个参数我们可以避免每次滑动列表都重新加载数据的工作。其中我们还对控件的获取进行了优化，新建了一个ViewHolder内部类对控件的实例进行缓存。

package com.example.listviewtest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit> {

    private int resourceId;

    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int textViewResourceId,
                        List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, textViewResourceId, objects);
        resourceId = textViewResourceId;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position); // 获取当前项的Fruit实例
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if (convertView == null) {
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, parent, false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruitImage = (ImageView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_image);
            viewHolder.fruitName = (TextView) view.findViewById (R.id.fruit_name);
            view.setTag(viewHolder); // 将ViewHolder存储在View中
        } else {
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag(); // 重新获取ViewHolder
        }
        viewHolder.fruitImage.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());
        viewHolder.fruitName.setText(fruit.getName());
        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder {

        ImageView fruitImage;

        TextView fruitName;

    }

}

接着我们修改MainActivity中的代码并且设置点击监听响应事件，我们的响应事件为提示一个toast。

package com.example.listviewtest;

import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
                                    int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }

}