C# E-Mail邮件发送

C#对邮件的支持

SMTP协议
SMTP的全称是“Simple Mail Transfer Protocol”，即简单邮件传输协议。它是一组用于从>源地址到目的地址传输邮件的规范，通过它来控制邮件的中转方式。SMTP 协议属于TCP/IP协议簇，它帮助每台计算机在发送或中转信件时找到下一个目的地。SMTP 服务器就是遵循SMTP协议的发送邮件服务器。SMTP认证，简单地说就是要求必须在提供了账户名和密码之后才可以登录 SMTP 服务器，这就使得那些垃圾邮件的散播者无可乘之机。增加 SMTP 认证的目的是为了使用户避免受到垃圾邮件的侵扰。

而.NET平台下对Mail的发送封装的已经很完善了,引用库

System.Net.Mail;
System.Net.Mime;

MailPlatform.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Mail;
using System.Net.Mime;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MailApi
{
    public class MailPlatform
    {
        private List<(MailAddress,string)>? _mailinformation;
        public MailPlatform(IList<(MailAddress,string)>? pairs)
        {
            _mailinformation = (List<(MailAddress, string)>?)pairs ?? throw new Exception("错误的初始化");
        }
        public void SendMail(MailMessage message)
        {
            var info = _mailinformation?.OrderBy(s => Guid.NewGuid()).FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new Exception("未初始化任何设置");
            message.From = info.Item1;
            var client = new SmtpClient()
            {
                EnableSsl = true,
                UseDefaultCredentials = false,
                Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential(info.Item1.Address, info.Item2),
                DeliveryMethod = SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network,
                Host = "smtp." + info.Item1.Host
            };
            client.Send(message);
        }
        public void SendMailAsync(MailMessage message, SendCompletedEventHandler CompletedMethod, object args)
        {
            var info = _mailinformation?.OrderBy(s => Guid.NewGuid()).FirstOrDefault() ?? throw new Exception("未初始化任何设置");
            message.From = info.Item1;
            var client = new SmtpClient()
            {
                EnableSsl = true,
                UseDefaultCredentials = false,
                Credentials = new System.Net.NetworkCredential(info.Item1.Address, info.Item2),
                DeliveryMethod = SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network,
                Host = "smtp." + info.Item1.Host
            };
            client.SendCompleted += new SendCompletedEventHandler(CompletedMethod);
            client.SendAsync(message, args);

        
        }     
    }
}

---

MailPlatform类用于发送邮件,在实例化MailPlatform的时候,IList<(MailAddress,string)>? pairs
参数用于初始化发送方的邮件设置,而该平台的作用是随机调用平台里面的发送单元进行发送,避免多数据同时发送而造成堵塞等问题,初始化例子

MailPlatform platform = new MailPlatform(
    new List<(MailAddress, string)>()
    {
        (new MailAddress("您的第一个邮箱"),"授权码"),
        (new MailAddress("您的第二个邮箱"), "授权码"),
        (new MailAddress("您的第n个邮箱"),"授权码")
    });

发送的时候调用SendMail即可,传入的MailMessage可以用Builder进行初始化,而异步函数SendMailAsync,可以传入完成发送后的回调函数进行验证,args则为传入数据

MailBuilder.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Net.Mail;
using System.Net.Mime;

namespace MailApi
{
    public class MailBuilder
    {
        public MailBuilder() { }
        public List<string>? Address { set; get; } = new List<string>();
        public string? Body { set; get; } = string.Empty;
        public Encoding? Encoding { set; get; } = Encoding.UTF8;
        public bool? IsHtml { set; get; } = true;
        public string? Subject { set; get; } = string.Empty;
        public List<string>? Attachments { set; get; } = new List<string>();
        public MailMessage Build()
        {
            var message = new MailMessage();
            if (Address?.Count == 0) throw new Exception("发送人不能为空");
            foreach (var c in Address)
            {
                message.To.Add(c);
            }
            message.Subject = Subject;
            message.Body = Body;
            message.IsBodyHtml = IsHtml ?? true;
            message.BodyEncoding = Encoding;
            message.Priority = MailPriority.Normal;
            message.SubjectEncoding = Encoding;
            foreach(var c in Attachments)
            {
                if (!File.Exists(c)) throw new Exception("附件文件不存在");
                var data = new Attachment(c, MediaTypeNames.Application.Octet);//实例化附件 
                data.ContentDisposition.CreationDate = File.GetCreationTime(c);
                data.ContentDisposition.ModificationDate = File.GetLastAccessTime(c);
                data.ContentDisposition.ReadDate = DateTime.Now;
                message.Attachments.Add(data);//添加到附件中 
            }
            return message;
        }
        public Task<MailMessage> BuildAsync()
        {
            Task<MailMessage> message = new Task<MailMessage>(() =>
            {
                var message = new MailMessage();
                if (Address?.Count == 0) throw new Exception("发送人不能为空");
                foreach (var c in Address)
                {
                    message.To.Add(c);
                }
                message.Subject = Subject;
                message.Body = Body;
                message.IsBodyHtml = IsHtml ?? true;
                message.BodyEncoding = Encoding;
                message.Priority = MailPriority.Normal;
                message.SubjectEncoding = Encoding;
                foreach (var c in Attachments)
                {
                    if (!File.Exists(c)) throw new Exception("附件文件不存在");
                    var data = new Attachment(c, MediaTypeNames.Application.Octet);//实例化附件 
                    data.ContentDisposition.CreationDate = File.GetCreationTime(c);
                    data.ContentDisposition.ModificationDate = File.GetLastAccessTime(c);
                    data.ContentDisposition.ReadDate = DateTime.Now;
                    message.Attachments.Add(data);//添加到附件中 
                }
                return message;
            });
            message.Start();
            return message;
        }
        
    }
}

---

MailBuilder类可以快速创建MailMessage信息,例

builder.Body = @"纸墨青鸳而随风而舞";
builder.Subject = "这是一封测试信息";
builder.Address.Add("你的目标邮箱1");
builder.Address.Add("你的目标邮箱2");
builder.Attachments.Add("附件地址1");
builder.Attachments.Add("附件地址2");
var mail = builder.Build();
platform.SendMail(mail);

在该模式下,只需要向builder中增加一个Address和设置Body和Subject信息即可进行发送,快速而简洁

配置QQ邮箱的权限

Step1.登录邮箱后选择设置

Step2.选择账户

Step3.下滑找到POP3/IMAP/SMTP/Exchange/CardDAV/CalDAV服务

Step4.开启POP3/SMTP服务并验证拿到授权码