ListView的简单使用

列表的显示需要三个元素：

1．ListVeiw 用来展示列表的View。

2．适配器 用来把数据映射到ListView上的中介。

3．数据 具体的将被映射的字符串，图片，或者基本组件。

根据列表的适配器类型，列表分为三种，ArrayAdapter，SimpleAdapter和SimpleCursorAdapter

ArrayAdapter：
其中以ArrayAdapter最为简单，只能展示一行字。SimpleAdapter有最好的扩充性，可以自定义出各种效果。SimpleCursorAdapter可以认为是SimpleAdapter对数据库的简单结合，可以方面的把数据库的内容以列表的形式展示出来。

activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity ：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private String[] data = {"Apple","Banana","Orange","Watermelon","Pear"};
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ArrayAdapter<String> arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(MainActivity.this,
        android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);

    }
}

android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data是系统定义的布局文件，这个布局文件只显示一行文字

---

SimpleAdapter：
simpleAdapter的扩展性最好，可以定义各种各样的布局出来，可以放上ImageView（图片），还可以放上Button（按钮），CheckBox（复选框）等等。下面的代码都直接继承了ListActivity，ListActivity和普通的Activity没有太大的差别，不同就是对显示ListView做了许多优化，方面显示而已。

List_item.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/img"
        android:layout_width="50dp"
        android:layout_height="50dp"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"/>

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/title"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/info"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

MainActivity ：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this,getData(),R.layout.list_item,
                new String[]{"title","info","img"},
                new int[]{R.id.title,R.id.info,R.id.img});
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);

    }

    private List<Map<String,Object>> getData(){
        List<Map<String,Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String,Object>>();
        Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("title","Google");
        map.put("info","USA");
        map.put("img",R.drawable.google);
        list.add(map);

        Map<String,Object> map2 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map2.put("title","Microsoft");
        map2.put("info","USA");
        map2.put("img",R.drawable.microsoft);
        list.add(map2);

        Map<String,Object> map3 = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map3.put("title","Oracle");
        map3.put("info","USA");
        map3.put("img",R.drawable.oracle);
        list.add(map3);

        return list;
    }
}

使用simpleAdapter的数据用一般都是HashMap构成的List，list的每一节对应ListView的每一行。HashMap的每个键值数据映射到布局文件中对应id的组件上。因为系统没有对应的布局文件可用，我们可以自己定义一个布局vlist.xml。下面做适配，new一个SimpleAdapter参数一次是：this，布局文件（vlist.xml），HashMap的 title 和 info，img。布局文件的组件id，title，info，img。布局文件的各组件分别映射到HashMap的各元素上，完成适配。

---

SimpleCursorAdapter：
方便把从游标得到的数据进行列表显示，并可以把指定的列映射到对应的TextView中。
下面的程序是从电话簿中把联系人显示到类表中。先在通讯录中添加一个联系人作为数据库的数据。然后获得一个指向数据库的Cursor并且定义一个布局文件（当然也可以使用系统自带的）。

MainActivity：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI,
                        null,null,null,null);
        ListAdapter adapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, cursor,
                new String[]{ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME, 
                             ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER},
                             new int[]{android.R.id.text1,android.R.id.text2});
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

---

自定义ListView

activity_main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout>

fruit_item.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">

   <ImageView
       android:id="@+id/fruit_img"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"/>

</LinearLayout>

Fruit实体类：

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int imageId;

    public Fruit(String name, int imageId) {
        this.name = name;
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getImageId() {
        return imageId;
    }

    public void setImageId(int imageId) {
        this.imageId = imageId;
    }
}

FruitAdapter：

public class FruitAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<Fruit>{

    private int resourceId;

    public FruitAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<Fruit> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        resourceId = resource;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        Fruit fruit = getItem(position);
        View view;
        ViewHolder viewHolder;
        if(convertView == null){
            view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,parent,false);
            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.fruit_name = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_name);
            viewHolder.fruit_img = view.findViewById(R.id.fruit_img);
            view.setTag(viewHolder);//将viewHolder对象存储在view中
        }else{
            view = convertView;
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) view.getTag();//重新取出viewHolder对象
        }
        viewHolder.fruit_name.setText(fruit.getName());
        viewHolder.fruit_img.setImageResource(fruit.getImageId());

        Log.d("FruitAdapter","getContent(): " + getContext().getClass().getName());//MainActivity
        Log.d("FruitAdapter","parent: " + parent.getClass().getName());//ListView
        Log.d("FruitAdapter","view: " + view.getClass().getName());//fruit_item
        return view;
    }

    class ViewHolder{
        TextView fruit_name;
        ImageView fruit_img;
    }
}

MainActivity：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private List<Fruit> fruitList = new ArrayList<Fruit>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initFruits(); // 初始化水果数据
        FruitAdapter adapter = new FruitAdapter(MainActivity.this, R.layout.fruit_item, fruitList);
        ListView listView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.list_view);
        listView.setAdapter(adapter);

        listView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
                                    int position, long id) {
                Fruit fruit = fruitList.get(position);
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, fruit.getName(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        });
    }

    private void initFruits() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            Fruit apple = new Fruit("Apple", R.drawable.apple_pic);
            fruitList.add(apple);
            Fruit banana = new Fruit("Banana", R.drawable.banana_pic);
            fruitList.add(banana);
            Fruit orange = new Fruit("Orange", R.drawable.orange_pic);
            fruitList.add(orange);
            Fruit watermelon = new Fruit("Watermelon", R.drawable.watermelon_pic);
            fruitList.add(watermelon);
            Fruit pear = new Fruit("Pear", R.drawable.pear_pic);
            fruitList.add(pear);
            Fruit grape = new Fruit("Grape", R.drawable.grape_pic);
            fruitList.add(grape);
            Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("Pineapple", R.drawable.pineapple_pic);
            fruitList.add(pineapple);
            Fruit strawberry = new Fruit("Strawberry", R.drawable.strawberry_pic);
            fruitList.add(strawberry);
            Fruit cherry = new Fruit("Cherry", R.drawable.cherry_pic);
            fruitList.add(cherry);
            Fruit mango = new Fruit("Mango", R.drawable.mango_pic);
            fruitList.add(mango);
        }
    }

}