Filter的应用
使浏览器不缓存页面的过滤器
- 解释:
开始的时候,a.html有一个图片的展示,之后手动更换图片的地址之后,若不刷新,则不会显示现在的新图片,这就是浏览器的缓存作用. - 思路: 有 3 个 HTTP 响应头字段都可以禁止浏览器缓存当前页面，它们在 Servlet 中的示例代码如下：
response.setDateHeader(“Expires”,-1);
response.setHeader(“Cache-Control”,“no-cache”);
response.setHeader(“Pragma”,“no-cache”);
并不是所有的浏览器都能完全支持上面的三个响应头，因此最好是同时使用上面的三个响应头
代码如下
package com.atguigu.javaweb.cache;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.atguigu.javaweb.HttpFilter;
public class NoCacheFilter extends HttpFilter {
@Override
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println("cacheFilter's doFilter..");
response.setDateHeader("Expires",-1);
response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
response.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
HttpFilter 的源代码在这个博客中
web.xml的配置如下:
<!--url-pattern值的作用: 对/cache下的所有文件进行过滤-->
<filter>
<display-name>NoCacheFilter</display-name>
<filter-name>NoCacheFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.javaweb.cache.NoCacheFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>NoCacheFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/cache/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
字符编码的过滤器
- 思路 :
配置参数encoding指明使用何种字符编码,以处理Html Form请求参数的中文问题 - 代码如下:
package com.atguigu.javaweb.encoding;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.atguigu.javaweb.HttpFilter;
public class EncodingFilter extends HttpFilter{
private String encoding;
// encoding 的设置在web.xml中
@Override
protected void init() {
encoding = getFilterConfig().getServletContext().getInitParameter("encoding");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
System.out.println(encoding);
request.setCharacterEncoding(encoding);
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
web.xml
<context-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.javaweb.encoding.EncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/encoding/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
检测用户是否登陆的过滤器：
- 情景：系统中的某些页面只有在正常登陆后才可以使用，用户请求这些页面时要检查 session中有无该用户信息，但在所有必要的页面加上session的判断相当麻烦的事情
- 解决方案：编写一个用于检测用户是否登陆的过滤器，如果用户未登录，则重定向到指的登录页面
- 要求：需检查的在 Session 中保存的关键字； 如果用户未登录，需重定向到指定的页面(URL不包括 ContextPath); 不做检查的URL列表(以分号分开，并且 URL 中不包括 ContextPath)都要采取可配置的方式
LoginFilter.java
package com.atguigu.javaweb.login;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.atguigu.javaweb.HttpFilter;
public class LoginFilter extends HttpFilter{
//1. 从 web.xml 文件中获取 sessionKey, redirectUrl, uncheckedUrls
private String sessionKey;
private String redirectUrl;
private String unchekcedUrls;
@Override
protected void init() {
ServletContext servletContext = getFilterConfig().getServletContext();
//从web.xml中获取Filter的初始化参数
sessionKey = servletContext.getInitParameter("userSessionKey");
redirectUrl = servletContext.getInitParameter("rediretPage");
// /login/a.jsp,/login/list.jsp,/login/login.jsp,/login/doLogin.jsp
unchekcedUrls = servletContext.getInitParameter("uncheckedUrls");
}
@Override
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain)
throws IOException, ServletException {
//1. 获取请求的 servletPath
// /login/b.jsp
String servletPath = request.getServletPath();
//2. 检查 1 获取的 servletPath 是否为不需要检查的 URL 中的一个, 若是, 则直接放行. 方法结束
List<String> urls = Arrays.asList(unchekcedUrls.split(","));
if(urls.contains(servletPath)){
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
return;
}
//3. 从 session 中获取 sessionKey 对应的值, 若值不存在, 则重定向到 redirectUrl
Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute(sessionKey);
if(user == null){
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + redirectUrl);
return;
}
//4. 若存在, 则放行, 允许访问.
filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
}
}
web.xml
<!-- 用户信息放入到 session 中的键的名字 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>userSessionKey</param-name>
<param-value>USERSESSIONKEY</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 若未登录, 需重定向的页面 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>rediretPage</param-name>
<param-value>/login/login.jsp</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 不需要拦截(或检查)的 URL 列表 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>uncheckedUrls</param-name>
<param-value>/login/a.jsp,/login/list.jsp,/login/login.jsp,/login/doLogin.jsp,/login/b.jsp</param-value>
</context-param>
<filter>
<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.atguigu.javaweb.login.LoginFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>loginFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/login/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
/login下面的文件
a.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>AAA PAGE</h4>
<a href="list.jsp">Return...</a>
</body>
</html>
b.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
//检验用户是否登录. 若没有登录, 则直接重定向到 login.jsp
Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
if(user == null){
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}
--%>
<h4>BBB PAGE</h4>
<a href="list.jsp">Return...</a>
</body>
</html>
c.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
//检验用户是否登录. 若没有登录, 则直接重定向到 login.jsp
Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
if(user == null){
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}
--%>
<h4>CCC PAGE</h4>
<a href="list.jsp">Return...</a>
</body>
</html>
d.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
//检验用户是否登录. 若没有登录, 则直接重定向到 login.jsp
Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
if(user == null){
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}
--%>
<h4>DDD PAGE</h4>
<a href="list.jsp">Return...</a>
</body>
</html>
e.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%--
//检验用户是否登录. 若没有登录, 则直接重定向到 login.jsp
Object user = session.getAttribute("user");
if(user == null){
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}
--%>
<h4>EEE PAGE</h4>
<a href="list.jsp">Return...</a>
</body>
</html>
list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="a.jsp">AAA</a>
<br><br>
<a href="b.jsp">BBB</a>
<br><br>
<a href="c.jsp">CCC</a>
<br><br>
<a href="d.jsp">DDD</a>
<br><br>
<a href="e.jsp">EEE</a>
</body>
</html>
login.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="doLogin.jsp" method="post">
username: <input type="text" name="username"/>
<input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
doLogin.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
//1. 获取用户的登录信息
String username = request.getParameter("username");
//2. 若登录信息完整, 则把登录信息放到 HttpSession
if(username != null && !username.trim().equals("")){
session.setAttribute(application.getInitParameter("userSessionKey"), username);
//3. 重定向到 list.jsp
response.sendRedirect("list.jsp");
}else{
response.sendRedirect("login.jsp");
}
%>
</body>
</html>
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