本套接字编程作业内容来自Computer Networking A Top-Down Approach 7th Edition中的每章末尾的编程作业,如需要详细了解请访问<https://github.com/moranzcw/Computer-Networking-A-Top-Down-Approach-NOTES>
在本实验中,您将学习Python中TCP连接的套接字编程的基础知识:如何创建套接字,将其绑定到特定的地址和端口,以及发送和接收HTTP数据包。您还将学习一些HTTP首部格式的基础知识。
您将开发一个处理一个HTTP请求的Web服务器。您的Web服务器应该接受并解析HTTP请求,然后从服务器的文件系统获取所请求的文件,创建一个由响应文件组成的HTTP响应消息,前面是首部行,然后将响应直接发送给客户端。如果请求的文件不存在于服务器中,则服务器应该向客户端发送“404 Not Found”差错报文。
代码
在文件下面你会找到Web服务器的代码框架。您需要填写这个代码。而且需要在标有#Fill in start 和 # Fill in end的地方填写代码。另外,每个地方都可能需要不止一行代码。
运行服务器
将HTML文件(例如HelloWorld.html)放在服务器所在的目录中。运行服务器程序。确认运行服务器的主机的IP地址(例如128.238.251.26)。从另一个主机,打开浏览器并提供相应的URL。例如:
http://128.238.251.26:6789/HelloWorld.html
“HelloWorld.html”是您放在服务器目录中的文件。还要注意使用冒号后的端口号。您需要使用服务器代码中使用的端口号来替换此端口号。在上面的例子中,我们使用了端口号6789. 浏览器应该显示HelloWorld.html的内容。如果省略“:6789”,浏览器将使用默认端口80,只有当您的服务器正在端口80监听时,才会从服务器获取网页。
然后用客户端尝试获取服务器上不存在的文件。你应该会得到一个“404 Not Found”消息。
需要上交的内容
您需要上交完整的服务器代码,以及客户端浏览器的屏幕截图,用于验证您是否从服务器实际接收到HTML文件内容。
Web服务器的Python代码框架
#import socket module
from socket import *
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
#Prepare a sever socket
#Fill in start
#Fill in end
while True:
#Establish the connection
print 'Ready to serve...'
connectionSocket, addr = #Fill in start #Fill in end
try:
message = #Fill in start #Fill in end
filename = message.split()[1]
f = open(filename[1:])
outputdata = #Fill in start #Fill in end
#Send one HTTP header line into socket
#Fill in start
#Fill in end
#Send the content of the requested file to the client
for i in range(0, len(outputdata)):
connectionSocket.send(outputdata[i])
connectionSocket.close()
except IOError:
#Send response message for file not found
#Fill in start
#Fill in end
#Close client socket
#Fill in start
#Fill in end
serverSocket.close()
可选练习
-
目前,这个Web服务器一次只处理一个HTTP请求。请实现一个能够同时处理多个请求的多线程服务器。使用线程,首先创建一个主线程,在固定端口监听客户端请求。当从客户端收到TCP连接请求时,它将通过另一个端口建立TCP连接,并在另外的单独线程中为客户端请求提供服务。这样在每个请求/响应对的独立线程中将有一个独立的TCP连接。
-
不使用浏览器,编写自己的HTTP客户端来测试你的服务器。您的客户端将使用一个TCP连接用于连接到服务器,向服务器发送HTTP请求,并将服务器响应显示出来。您可以假定发送的HTTP请求将使用GET方法。
客户端应使用命令行参数指定服务器IP地址或主机名,服务器正在监听的端口,以及被请求对象在服务器上的路径。以下是运行客户端的输入命令格式。client.py server_host server_port filename
作业 Solution:
#import socket module
from socket import *
serverPort = 8888
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
#Prepare a sever socket
serverSocket.bind(('', serverPort))
serverSocket.listen(1);
while True:
#Establish the connection
print 'Ready to serve...'
connectionSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept()
try:
message = connectionSocket.recv(1024)
filename = message.split()[1]
f = open(filename[1:])
outputdata = f.read()
#Send one HTTP header line into socket
httpHeader = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\n\n' % (len(outputdata))
connectionSocket.send(httpHeader.encode())
#Send the content of the requested file to the client
for i in range(0, len(outputdata)):
connectionSocket.send(outputdata[i])
connectionSocket.close()
except IOError:
#Send response message for file not found
httpHeader = 'HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found'
connectionSocket.send(httpHeader.encode())
#Close client socket
connectionSocket.close()
serverSocket.close()
可选作业 1 Solution:
#import socket module
from socket import *
from threading import Thread
def requestHandler(newSocket, clientInfo):
print("client {} has connected".format(clientInfo))
try:
message = newSocket.recv(1024)
#print(message.split())
filename = message.split()[1]
f = open(filename[1:])
outputdata = f.read()
#Send one HTTP header line into socket
httpHeader = 'HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nConnection: close\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\nContent-Length: %d\r\n\n' % (len(outputdata))
newSocket.send(httpHeader.encode())
#Send the content of the requested file to the client
'''
for i in range(0, len(outputdata)):
newSocket.send(outputdata[i])
'''
newSocket.send(outputdata.encode())
newSocket.close()
except IOError:
#Send response message for file not found
httpHeader = 'HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found'
newSocket.send(httpHeader.encode())
#Close client socket
newSocket.close()
def main():
serverPort = 8888
serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
#Prepare a sever socket
serverSocket.bind(('', serverPort))
serverSocket.listen(5)
while True:
#Establish the connection
print 'Ready to serve...'
connectionSocket, addr = serverSocket.accept()
p = Thread(target=requestHandler, args=(connectionSocket, addr))
p.start()
serverSocket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
可选作业 2 Solution:
import http.client
import sys
from socket import *
'''
HTTP Client has two implemented methods.
1. Using http.client module
2. Using socket
'''
#'''
#First implementation by using http.client module
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2]);
conn.request('GET', '/' + sys.argv[3])
print(conn.getresponse().read().decode())
conn.close()
#'''
#'''
#Second implementation by using socket
MAXBYTES = 65536
def main():
serverName = sys.argv[1]
serverPort = int(sys.argv[2])
clientSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
clientSocket.connect((serverName, serverPort))
httpHeader = ('GET\r\n/' + sys.argv[3] + '\r\nHTTP/1.1\r\n'
+ 'Host: ' + sys.argv[1] + ':' + sys.argv[2] + '\r\n'
+ 'Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml'
+ ';q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8\r\n'
+ 'Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2\r\n'
+ 'Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\r\n'
+ 'Connection: keep-alive\r\n')
clientSocket.send(httpHeader.encode())
responseData = clientSocket.recv(MAXBYTES)
#print(responseData)
if responseData.decode().split()[1] == '200':
responseData = clientSocket.recv(MAXBYTES).decode()
print(responseData)
else:
print(responseData.decode().split()[-3] + ' '
+ responseData.decode().split()[-2] + ' '
+ responseData.decode().split()[-1] + '.')
clientSocket.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
#'''