Docker自动化部署安装(八)之安装Mycat

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已于 2022-05-02 16:37:53 修改

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分类专栏：一体化运维部署学习文章标签：数据库 Mycat 中间件

于 2022-05-01 16:15:48 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_40083897/article/details/124520892

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本片主要讲述使用docker安装mycat，直接上过程，亲测无误！

一、MyCat简介

1. 什么是MyCat

MyCat 是目前最流行的基于 java 语言编写的数据库中间件，是一个实现了 MySQL 协议的服务器，前端用户可以把它看作是一个数据库代理，用 MySQL 客户端工具和命令行访问，而其后端可以用 MySQL 原生协议与多个 MySQL 服务器通信，也可以用 JDBC 协议与大多数主流数据库服务器通信，其核心功能是分库分表。配合数据库的主从模式还可实现读写分离。
MyCat 是基于阿里开源的 Cobar 产品而研发，Cobar 的稳定性、可靠性、优秀的架构和性能以及众多成熟的使用案例使得 MyCat 变得非常的强大。
MyCat 发展到目前的版本，已经不是一个单纯的 MySQL 代理了，它的后端可以支持MySQL、SQL Server、Oracle、DB2、PostgreSQL 等主流数据库，也支持 MongoDB 这种新型NoSQL 方式的存储，未来还会支持更多类型的存储。而在最终用户看来，无论是那种存储方式，在 MyCat 里，都是一个传统的数据库表，支持标准的 SQL 语句进行数据的操作，这样一来，对前端业务系统来说，可以大幅降低开发难度，提升开发速度。
简单来说MyCat就是实现数据库集群的，对海量数据的数据存储的一种解决方案，因为很多数据库不想Oracle一样自带集群的配置，那么在进行海量数据存储的时候就要使用到MyCat进行数据库的管理了。

MyCat 官网： http://www.mycat.io/

2.Mycat的结构

二、MyCat安装及配置介绍

1.安装JDK，因为MyCat是java开发的，所以需要java虚拟机环境，在Linux节点中安装JDK是必须的。

由于本文章基于Docker安装的，所以不需要在本机上装，可参考安装Docker Docker自动化部署安装(一)之安装Nginx

2.安装一个Mysql，可参考前面的文章

Docker自动化部署安装(四)之安装Mysql

3.安装Mycat

1.创建文件夹
mkdir -p /work/docker/build/mycat
mkdir -p /work/docker/conf/mycat
 
 
2.新建Dockerfile文件
echo '
#FROM openjdk:8-jdk-stretch
FROM centos:7.7.1908
MAINTAINER zxk <zxk@qq.com>

RUN yum install -y net-tools

ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/java/jdk
ENV JRE_HOME ${JAVA_HOME}/jre
ENV CLASSPATH .:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib
ENV PATH ${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH

WORKDIR ${JAVA_HOME}

#这里的jdk下载地址要换成自己的哦，或者放在自己的服务器下然后替换地址如(http://136.223.11.12:8080/tools/jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz) 
#附带一个百度放盘下载地址(链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Bim4DHo-CaQm4Qfa1BGOjA 
提取码：x4zp 
复制这段内容后打开百度网盘手机App，操作更方便哦)
RUN set -x \
    && curl -Os "http://ip:port/tools/jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz" \
    && tar -xzvf jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz \
    && mv jdk1.8.0_251/* . \
    && rm -fr jdk1.8.0_251 jdk-8u251-linux-x64.tar.gz

ADD http://dl.mycat.org.cn/1.6.7.6/20201126013625/Mycat-server-1.6.7.6-release-20201126013625-linux.tar.gz /usr/local
RUN cd /usr/local && tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.6-release-20201126013625-linux.tar.gz && ls -lna

ENV MYCAT_HOME=/usr/local/mycat
WORKDIR /usr/local/mycat

ENV TZ Asia/Shanghai

EXPOSE 8066 9066

CMD ["/usr/local/mycat/bin/mycat", "console","&"]
' > /work/docker/build/nginx/Dockerfile
 
3.在/work/docker/conf/mycat下准备Mycat的配置文件（文章末尾会介绍这些文件）
server.xml	MyCat 的配置文件，设置账号、参数等
schema.xml	MyCat 对应的物理数据库和数据库表的配置
rule.xml	MyCat 分片（分库分表）规则
wrapper.conf 目前Mycat的启动是经过warapper封装成启动脚本，所以日志也会有其相关的日志文件：${MYCAT_HOME}/logs/warapper.log,在启动时候如果系统环境配置错误或缺少配置时，导致Mycat无法启动，可以通过查看warrpper.log查看具体错误原因

4.新建docker-mycat.yml文件
echo '
version: '3'
services:
  mycat:
    build:
      context: ./build/mycat
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    restart: always
    privileged: true
    image: mycat:1.6.7.6
    container_name: mycat
    hostname: mycat
    ports:
     - '8066:8066'
     - '9066:9066'
    volumes:
     - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime
     - /work/docker/conf/mycat/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml
     - /work/docker/conf/mycat/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml
     - /work/docker/conf/mycat/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml
     #当服务器内存过大时需要此配置文件
     #- /work/docker/conf/mycat/wrapper.conf:/usr/local/mycat/conf/wrapper.conf
     - /work/docker/logs/mycat:/usr/local/mycat/logs
     #- /temp:/temp
' > /work/docker/docker-mycat.yml
 
 
5.启动mycat服务
docker-compose -f /work/docker/docker-mycat.yml up -d

4.检查Mycat

三、Mycat相关相关配置文件介绍

1.server.xml

server.xml是用来配置账号，参数及相关操作权限的文件，下面是给文件的简要内容，去掉了相关的注释

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
             - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
        may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
        - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
        distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
        WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
        License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
        under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd">
<mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
        <system>
        <property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0为需要密码登陆、1为不需要密码登陆 ,默认为0，设置为1则需要指定默认账户-->
        <property name="ignoreUnknownCommand">0</property><!-- 0遇上没有实现的报文(Unknown command:),就会报错、1为忽略该报文，返回ok报文。
        在某些mysql客户端存在客户端已经登录的时候还会继续发送登录报文,mycat会报错,该设置可以绕过这个错误-->
        <property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property>
    <property name="removeGraveAccent">1</property>
        <property name="useSqlStat">0</property>  <!-- 1为开启实时统计、0为关闭 -->
        <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property>  <!-- 1为开启全加班一致性检测、0为关闭 -->
        <property name="sqlExecuteTimeout">300</property>  <!-- SQL 执行超时 单位:秒-->
                <property name="sequenceHandlerType">1</property>
        <!--<property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>
                     INSERT INTO `travelrecord` (`id`,user_id) VALUES ('next value for MYCATSEQ_GLOBAL',"xxx");
        -->
        <!--必须带有MYCATSEQ_或者 mycatseq_进入序列匹配流程 注意MYCATSEQ_有空格的情况-->
        <property name="sequnceHandlerPattern">(?:(\s*next\s+value\s+for\s*MYCATSEQ_(\w+))(,|\)|\s)*)+</property>
        <property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property> <!-- 子查询中存在关联查询的情况下,检查关联字段中是否有分片字段 .默认 false -->
        <property name="sequenceHanlderClass">io.mycat.route.sequence.handler.HttpIncrSequenceHandler</property>
      <!--  <property name="useCompression">1</property>--> <!--1为开启mysql压缩协议-->
        <!--  <property name="fakeMySQLVersion">5.6.20</property>--> <!--设置模拟的MySQL版本号-->
        <!-- <property name="processorBufferChunk">40960</property> -->
        <!--
                     <property name="processors">1</property>
        <property name="processorExecutor">32</property>
         -->
        <!--默认为type 0: DirectByteBufferPool | type 1 ByteBufferArena | type 2 NettyBufferPool -->
                <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property>
                <!--默认是65535 64K 用于sql解析时最大文本长度 -->
                <!--<property name="maxStringLiteralLength">65535</property>-->
                <!--<property name="sequenceHandlerType">0</property>-->
                <!--<property name="backSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
                <!--<property name="frontSocketNoDelay">1</property>-->
                <!--<property name="processorExecutor">16</property>-->
                <!--
                                             <property name="serverPort">8066</property> <property name="managerPort">9066</property>
                        <property name="idleTimeout">300000</property> <property name="bindIp">0.0.0.0</property>
                        <property name="dataNodeIdleCheckPeriod">300000</property> 5 * 60 * 1000L; //连接空闲检查
                        <property name="frontWriteQueueSize">4096</property> <property name="processors">32</property> -->
                <!--分布式事务开关，0为不过滤分布式事务，1为过滤分布式事务（如果分布式事务内只涉及全局表，则不过滤），2为不过滤分布式事务,但是记录分布式事务日志-->
                <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property>

                        <!--
                                                     off heap for merge/order/group/limit      1开启   0关闭
                -->
                <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">0</property>

                <!--
                                             单位为m
                -->
        <property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property>

                <!--
                                             单位为k
                -->
                <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property>

                <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property>

                <!--
                                             单位为m
                -->
                <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property>


                <!--是否采用zookeeper协调切换  -->
                <property name="useZKSwitch">false</property>

                <!-- XA Recovery Log日志路径 -->
                <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseDir">./</property>-->

                <!-- XA Recovery Log日志名称 -->
                <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>-->
                <!--如果为 true的话 严格遵守隔离级别,不会在仅仅只有select语句的时候在事务中切换连接-->
                <property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property>
                <!--如果为0的话,涉及多个DataNode的catlet任务不会跨线程执行-->
                <property name="parallExecute">0</property>
        </system>

        <!-- 全局SQL防火墙设置 -->
        <!--白名单可以使用通配符%或着*-->
        <!--例如<host host="127.0.0.*" user="root"/>-->
        <!--例如<host host="127.0.*" user="root"/>-->
        <!--例如<host host="127.*" user="root"/>-->
        <!--例如<host host="1*7.*" user="root"/>-->
        <!--这些配置情况下对于127.0.0.1都能以root账户登录-->
        <!--
                     <firewall>
           <whitehost>
              <host host="1*7.0.0.*" user="root"/>
           </whitehost>
       <blacklist check="false">
       </blacklist>
        </firewall>
        -->

        <user name="root" defaultAccount="true">
                <property name="password">Root@2021</property>
				 <!-- 可访问的逻辑库，可为多个逗号分开 -->
                <property name="schemas">demo</property>
				<property name="defaultSchema">demo</property>
                <!--No MyCAT Database selected 错误前会尝试使用该schema作为schema，不设置则为null,报错 -->
				<!-- 是否只读 -->
				<!-- <property name="readOnly">true</property>  -->
                <!-- 表级 DML 权限设置 -->
                <!--
                                     <privileges check="false">
                        <schema name="TESTDB" dml="0110" >
                                <table name="tb01" dml="0000"></table>
                                <table name="tb02" dml="1111"></table>
                        </schema>
                </privileges>
                 -->
        </user>

</mycat:server>

2.schema.xml

schema.xml 是最主要的配置文件，首先看默认的配置文件

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
<!--	
	<schema name="testData1" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="1000">
		<table name="testTable1" dataNode="dataNode2" subTables="testTable1_2021$01-12,testTable1_2022$01-05" rule="sharding-by-month" />
		<table name="testTable2" dataNode="dataNode2" ruleRequired="false"/>
    </schema>

	<dataNode name="dataNode1" dataHost="dataHost1" database="testData1" />

	<dataHost name="dataHost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
		<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
		<writeHost host="writeHost1" url="172.18.0.3:3306" user="root" password="Root@2021">
		</writeHost>
	</dataHost>
	-->
	
	<schema name="demo" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="2000">
		<table name="t_user" dataNode="dataNode1" ruleRequired="false"/>
    </schema>
	
	<schema name="qianqian" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="2000">
		<table name="sys_user" dataNode="dataNode2" ruleRequired="false"/>
    </schema>

	<dataNode name="dataNode1" dataHost="dataHost1" database="demo" />
	<dataNode name="dataNode2" dataHost="dataHost1" database="qianqian" />

    <dataHost name="dataHost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="0" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1"  slaveThreshold="100">
		<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
		<writeHost host="writeHost1" url="172.18.0.3:3306" user="root" password="Root@2021">
		</writeHost>
	 </dataHost> 
	
</mycat:schema>

3.rule.xml

分片（分库分表）规则

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
             - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You
        may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
        - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software -
        distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, - WITHOUT
        WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. - See the
        License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations
        under the License. -->
<!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd">
<mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/">
        <tableRule name="rule1">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

        <tableRule name="sharding-by-date">
                <rule>
                        <columns>createTime</columns>
                        <algorithm>partbyday</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

        <tableRule name="rule2">
                <rule>
                        <columns>user_id</columns>
                        <algorithm>func1</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

        <tableRule name="sharding-by-intfile">
                <rule>
                        <columns>sharding_id</columns>
                        <algorithm>hash-int</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
        <tableRule name="auto-sharding-long">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>rang-long</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
        <tableRule name="mod-long">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>mod-long</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
        <tableRule name="sharding-by-murmur">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>murmur</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
        <tableRule name="crc32slot">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>crc32slot</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
        <tableRule name="sharding-by-month">
                <rule>
                        <columns>create_time</columns>
                        <algorithm>partbymonth</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>
        <tableRule name="latest-month-calldate">
                <rule>
                        <columns>calldate</columns>
                        <algorithm>latestMonth</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

        <tableRule name="auto-sharding-rang-mod">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>rang-mod</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

        <tableRule name="jch">
                <rule>
                        <columns>id</columns>
                        <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm>
                </rule>
        </tableRule>

        <function name="murmur"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash">
                <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 默认是0 -->
                <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
                <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一个实际的数据库节点被映射为这么多虚拟节点，默认是160倍，也就是虚拟节点数是物理节点数的160倍 -->
                <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 节点的权重，没有指定权重的节点默认是1。以properties文件的格式填写，以从0开始到count-1的整数值也就是节点索引为key，以节点权重值为值。所有权重值必须是正整数，否则以1代替 -->
                <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property>
                                             用于测试时观察各物理节点与虚拟节点的分布情况，如果指定了这个属性，会把虚拟节点的murmur hash值与物理节点的映射按行输出到这个文件，没有默认值，如果不指定，就不会输出任何东西 -->
        </function>

        <function name="crc32slot"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot">
                <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的数据库节点数量，必须指定，否则没法分片 -->
        </function>
        <function name="hash-int"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap">
                <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property>
        </function>
        <function name="rang-long"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong">
                <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property>
        </function>
        <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod">
                <!-- how many data nodes -->
                <property name="count">3</property>
        </function>

        <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong">
                <property name="partitionCount">8</property>
                <property name="partitionLength">128</property>
        </function>
        <function name="latestMonth"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion">
                <property name="splitOneDay">24</property>
        </function>
        <function name="partbymonth"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth">
                <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
                <property name="sBeginDate">2022-01-01</property>
        </function>


        <function name="partbyday"
                          class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByDate">
                <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property>
                <property name="sNaturalDay">0</property>
                <property name="sBeginDate">2014-01-01</property>
                <property name="sEndDate">2014-01-31</property>
                <property name="sPartionDay">10</property>
        </function>

        <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod">
                <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property>
        </function>

        <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash">
                <property name="totalBuckets">3</property>
        </function>
</mycat:rule>

4.wrapper.conf

Mycat的启动是经过warapper封装成启动脚本,在服务器确实一些配置的时候可以通过wrapper.conf改变mycat的启动参数，保证mycat正常运行

#********************************************************************
# Wrapper Properties
#********************************************************************
# Java Application
wrapper.java.command=java
wrapper.working.dir=..

# Java Main class.  This class must implement the WrapperListener interface
#  or guarantee that the WrapperManager class is initialized.  Helper
#  classes are provided to do this for you.  See the Integration section
#  of the documentation for details.
wrapper.java.mainclass=org.tanukisoftware.wrapper.WrapperSimpleApp
set.default.REPO_DIR=lib
set.APP_BASE=.

# Java Classpath (include wrapper.jar)  Add class path elements as
#  needed starting from 1
wrapper.java.classpath.1=lib/wrapper.jar
wrapper.java.classpath.2=conf
wrapper.java.classpath.3=%REPO_DIR%/*

# Java Library Path (location of Wrapper.DLL or libwrapper.so)
wrapper.java.library.path.1=lib

# Java Additional Parameters
#wrapper.java.additional.1=
wrapper.java.additional.1=-DMYCAT_HOME=.
wrapper.java.additional.2=-server
wrapper.java.additional.3=-XX:+AggressiveOpts
wrapper.java.additional.4=-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=4G
wrapper.java.additional.5=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote
wrapper.java.additional.6=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1984
wrapper.java.additional.7=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
wrapper.java.additional.8=-Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
wrapper.java.additional.9=-Xmx4G
wrapper.java.additional.10=-Xms1G

# Initial Java Heap Size (in MB)
#wrapper.java.initmemory=3

# Maximum Java Heap Size (in MB)
#wrapper.java.maxmemory=64

# Application parameters.  Add parameters as needed starting from 1
wrapper.app.parameter.1=io.mycat.MycatStartup
wrapper.app.parameter.2=start

#********************************************************************
# Wrapper Logging Properties
#********************************************************************
# Format of output for the console.  (See docs for formats)
wrapper.console.format=PM

# Log Level for console output.  (See docs for log levels)
wrapper.console.loglevel=INFO

# Log file to use for wrapper output logging.
wrapper.logfile=logs/wrapper.log

# Format of output for the log file.  (See docs for formats)
wrapper.logfile.format=LPTM

# Log Level for log file output.  (See docs for log levels)
wrapper.logfile.loglevel=INFO

# Maximum size that the log file will be allowed to grow to before
#  the log is rolled. Size is specified in bytes.  The default value
#  of 0, disables log rolling.  May abbreviate with the 'k' (kb) or
#  'm' (mb) suffix.  For example: 10m = 10 megabytes.
wrapper.logfile.maxsize=512m

# Maximum number of rolled log files which will be allowed before old
#  files are deleted.  The default value of 0 implies no limit.
wrapper.logfile.maxfiles=30

# Log Level for sys/event log output.  (See docs for log levels)
wrapper.syslog.loglevel=NONE

#********************************************************************
# Wrapper Windows Properties
#********************************************************************
# Title to use when running as a console
wrapper.console.title=Mycat-server

#********************************************************************
# Wrapper Windows NT/2000/XP Service Properties
#********************************************************************
# WARNING - Do not modify any of these properties when an application
#  using this configuration file has been installed as a service.
#  Please uninstall the service before modifying this section.  The
#  service can then be reinstalled.

# Name of the service
wrapper.ntservice.name=mycat

# Display name of the service
wrapper.ntservice.displayname=Mycat-server

# Description of the service
wrapper.ntservice.description=The project of Mycat-server

# Service dependencies.  Add dependencies as needed starting from 1
wrapper.ntservice.dependency.1=

# Mode in which the service is installed.  AUTO_START or DEMAND_START
wrapper.ntservice.starttype=AUTO_START

# Allow the service to interact with the desktop.
wrapper.ntservice.interactive=false

wrapper.ping.timeout=120
configuration.directory.in.classpath.first=conf

至此Mycat的安装和配置介绍完毕！

Sunniering

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