一元稀疏多项式的运算
1.问题描述:设有两个带头指针的单链表表示两个一元稀疏多项式A、B,实现两个一元稀疏多项式的处理。
2.实现要求:
(1)输入并建立多项式;(最好通过文件输入,多项式最好不少于3项)
(2)输出多项式,输出形式为整数序列:n,c1,e1,C2,ez…cn,en,其中n是多项式的项数,ci,e;分别为第i项的系数和指数。序列按指数降序排列;(注意系数为0的项需要从链表中删除)
(3)多项式A和B相加,建立多项式A+B,输出相加的多项式;
(4)多项式A和B相减,建立多项式A-B,输出相减的多项式;
(5)多项式A和B相乘,建立多项式AxB,输出相乘的多项式;
(6)设计一个菜单,至少具有上述操作要求的基本功能。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
typedef struct node
{
float coef; //系数
int expn; //指数
struct node *next;
}PolyNode; //多项式节点 polynomial node
typedef PolyNode* Polynomial;
Polynomial createPolynomial() //创建多项式
{
PolyNode *p, *q, *head = (PolyNode *)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode)); //头节点
head->next = NULL;
float coef;
int expn;
while (scanf("%f %d", &coef, &expn) && coef) // 默认,按指数递减排列
{
if (head->next)
{
p = head;
while (p->next && expn < p->next->expn)
p = p->next;
if (p->next)
{
if (expn == p->next->expn) //有相同指数的直接把系数加到原多项式
{
p->next->coef += coef;
//若是相加后系数为0,则舍弃该节点
if (p->next->coef > -0.000001 && p->next->coef < 0.000001)
{
q = p->next;
p->next = q->next;
free(q);
}
}
else
{
q = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
q->coef = coef;
q->expn = expn;
q->next = p->next;
p->next = q;
}
}
else
{
p->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
p = p->next;
p->coef = coef;
p->expn = expn;
p->next = NULL;
}
}
else
{
head->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
head->next->coef = coef;
head->next->expn = expn;
head->next->next = NULL;
}
}
return head;
}
//多项式与指定单项式相乘,该单项式为 coefx^expn
Polynomial multiply(Polynomial poly, float coef, int expn)
{
PolyNode *p, *q, *Poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
p = Poly;
q = poly->next;
while (q)
{
p->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
p = p->next;
p->coef = (q->coef*coef);
p->expn = (q->expn + expn);
q = q->next;
}
p->next = NULL;
return Poly;
}
void add(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2) //把 poly2 加到 poly1 上
{
PolyNode *p, *q, *r;
r = poly1;
p = poly1->next; //指向第一个节点
q = poly2->next;
poly2->next = NULL;
while (p && q)
{
if (p->expn > q->expn)
{
r->next = p;
p = p->next;
r = r->next;
}
else if (p->expn < q->expn)
{
r->next = q;
q = q->next;
r = r->next;
}
else
{
PolyNode *t;
p->coef += q->coef;
if (!(p->coef > -0.000001 && p->coef < 0.000001)) //系数不为0
{
r->next = p;
r = r->next;
p = p->next;
}
else
{
t = p;
p = p->next;
free(t);
}
t = q;
q = q->next;
free(t);
}
}
if (p)
r->next = p;
if (q)
r->next = q;
}
//多项式减法 poly1-poly2形成一个新的多项式
Polynomial polySubtract(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2)
{
//把poly2的系数取相反数,形成一个新的多项式
Polynomial poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode)); //构造头节点
PolyNode *p, *q;
p = poly;
q = poly2->next;
while (q)
{
p->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
p = p->next;
p->coef = -(q->coef); //系数取反
p->expn = q->expn;
q = q->next;
}
p->next = NULL;
add(poly, poly1); //利用加法
return poly;
}
//多项式相加 poly1+poly2形成一个新的多项式
Polynomial polyAdd(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2)
{
Polynomial poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode)); //和多项式的头节点
poly->next = NULL;
PolyNode *p, *q, *r;
r = poly;
p = poly1->next;
q = poly2->next;
while (p&&q)
{
if (p->expn > q->expn)
{
r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
r = r->next;
r->coef = p->coef;
r->expn = p->expn;
p = p->next;
}
else if (p->expn < q->expn)
{
r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
r = r->next;
r->coef = q->coef;
r->expn = q->expn;
q = q->next;
}
else
{
float m = p->coef + q->coef;
if (!(m > -0.000001 && m < 0.000001))
{
r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
r = r->next;
r->coef = m;
r->expn = p->expn;
}
q = q->next;
p = p->next;
}
}
while (p)
{
r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
r = r->next;
r->coef = p->coef;
r->expn = p->expn;
p = p->next;
}
while (q)
{
r->next = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode));
r = r->next;
r->coef = q->coef;
r->expn = q->expn;
q = q->next;
}
r->next = NULL;
return poly;
}
Polynomial polyMultiply(Polynomial poly1, Polynomial poly2) //多项式相乘
{
Polynomial poly = (PolyNode*)malloc(sizeof(PolyNode)); //创建多项式和的头节点
poly->next = NULL;
PolyNode *p;
p = poly2->next;
while (p)
{
add(poly, multiply(poly1, p->coef, p->expn));
p = p->next;
}
return poly;
}
void printPoly(Polynomial poly) //打印多项式
{
if (poly && poly->next)
{
PolyNode *p = poly->next; //p指向第一个节点
while (p->next)
{
if(p->coef)
{
printf("%gx^%d", p->coef, p->expn);
}
p = p->next;
if (p && (p->coef > 0))
printf("+");
}
if (p->expn == 0 &&p->coef!=0)
{
printf("%g", p->coef); //打印常数项
}
else if(p->coef!=0)
{
printf("%gx^%d", p->coef, p->expn);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
void clear(Polynomial poly) //释放内存
{
if (poly && poly->next)
{
PolyNode *p, *q;
p = poly;
while (p)
{
q = p->next;
free(p);
p = q;
}
}
poly = NULL;
}
int main()
{
printf("用链表实现多项式的加减法\n");
Polynomial poly1, poly2, poly;
printf("创建多项式一\n");
poly1 = createPolynomial();
printf("多项式一:\n");
printPoly(poly1);
printf("创建多项式二\n");
poly2 = createPolynomial();
printf("多项式二:\n");
printPoly(poly2);
printf("两多项式相加,和为:\n");
poly = polyAdd(poly1, poly2);
printPoly(poly);
clear(poly);
printf("两个多项式相乘,积为:\n");
poly = polyMultiply(poly1, poly2);
printPoly(poly);
clear(poly);
printf("两多项式相减,差为:\n");
poly = polySubtract(poly1, poly2);
printPoly(poly);
clear(poly1);
clear(poly2);
clear(poly);
system("pause");
return 0;
}