Visual Studio Code搭建Django环境

Visual Studio Code搭建Django环境

该文章是结合了前辈们的经验进行更细致的整理，更适合小白参考。

创建虚拟环境：

终端下输入如下命令，其中envir是虚拟环境的文件夹名：

#Mac/Linux
python3 -m venv envir

#Windows
py -3 -m venv envir

Mac系统生成的文件夹默认位置是在mac/users/用户名/envir，我的文件路径是：/Users/doug/envir。

查看已经安装的package和版本

首先进入虚拟环境文件夹

Mac$3 ~:cd envir/
Mac$4 ~/envir:

执行命令“pip3 freeze”查看已经安装的package及版本。

Mac$4 ~/envir:pip3 freeze
asgiref==3.2.10
astroid==2.3.2
attrs==19.3.0
Automat==20.2.0
autopep8==1.5.3
beautifulsoup4==4.8.2
bs4==0.0.1
certifi==2019.11.28
cffi==1.14.0
chardet==3.0.4
constantly==15.1.0
cryptography==2.8
cssselect==1.1.0
Django==3.1
dnspython==1.16.0
Elixir==0.7.1
eventlet==0.25.1
get==2019.4.13
gitdb==4.0.5
GitPython==3.1.2
greenlet==0.4.15
hyperlink==19.0.0
idna==2.9
incremental==17.5.0
isort==4.3.21
lazy-object-proxy==1.4.3
lxml==4.4.1
mccabe==0.6.1
monotonic==1.5
mysqlclient==1.4.4
ntlm-auth==1.4.0
numpy==1.17.0
pandas==1.0.3
parsel==1.5.2
Pillow==7.1.2
post==2019.4.13
prettytable==0.7.2
Protego==0.1.16
public==2019.4.13
pyasn1==0.4.8
pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
pycodestyle==2.6.0
pycparser==2.20
pycurl==7.43.0.3
PyDispatcher==2.0.5
PyHamcrest==2.0.2
pylint==2.4.3
pylint-django==2.3.0
pylint-plugin-utils==0.6
PyMySQL==0.10.0
pyOpenSSL==19.1.0
pyquery==1.4.0
python-dateutil==2.8.1
pytz==2019.2
query-string==2019.4.13
queuelib==1.5.0
rarfile==3.1
request==2019.4.13
requests==2.23.0
requests-ntlm==1.1.0
Scrapy==2.0.1
selenium==3.141.0
service-identity==18.1.0
six==1.12.0
smmap==3.0.4
soupsieve==2.0
SQLAlchemy==1.3.7
sqlparse==0.3.0
toml==0.10.1
tornado==6.0.4
Twisted==20.3.0
typed-ast==1.4.0
unrar==0.4
urllib3==1.25.8
uWSGI==2.0.18
virtualenv==16.7.2
w3lib==1.21.0
websockets==8.1
wrapt==1.11.2
wxPython==4.1.0
XlsxWriter==1.2.8
zope.interface==5.0.1

安装Django

执行“pip3 install django”或者指定版本安装（例：
“pip3 install django==1.11.11”）

Mac$5 ~/envir:pip3 install django
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Requirement already satisfied: django in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from django) (2019.2)
Requirement already satisfied: sqlparse>=0.2.2 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from django) (0.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: asgiref~=3.2.10 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from django) (3.2.10)

安装依赖

执行“pip3 install pylint pylint_django”
相关pylint_django的作用和安装，请参照大神的链接：在vscode中使用pylint-django插件解决pylint的一些不必要的错误提示

[Mac$6 ~/envir:pip3 install pylint pylint_django
Looking in indexes: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Requirement already satisfied: pylint in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (2.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pylint_django in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (2.3.0)
Requirement already satisfied: isort<5,>=4.2.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pylint) (4.3.21)
Requirement already satisfied: astroid<2.4,>=2.3.0 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pylint) (2.3.2)
Requirement already satisfied: mccabe<0.7,>=0.6 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pylint) (0.6.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pylint-plugin-utils>=0.5 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from pylint_django) (0.6)
Requirement already satisfied: lazy-object-proxy==1.4.* in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from astroid<2.4,>=2.3.0->pylint) (1.4.3)
Requirement already satisfied: typed-ast<1.5,>=1.4.0; implementation_name == "cpython" and python_version < "3.8" in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from astroid<2.4,>=2.3.0->pylint) (1.4.0)
Requirement already satisfied: wrapt==1.11.* in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from astroid<2.4,>=2.3.0->pylint) (1.11.2)
Requirement already satisfied: six==1.12 in /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from astroid<2.4,>=2.3.0->pylint) (1.12.0)

输出安装好的 Django 和运行着的版本号

Mac$8 ~/envir:python3 -c "import django; print(django.get_version())"
3.1

新建项目

当前新建的项目为“mysite”。
执行命令：“django-admin.py startproject mysite”

Mac$3 ~/envir:django-admin.py startproject mysite

envir文件夹内会新建一个mysite的文件夹(mysite下还有一个mysite)：

创建APP

进入项目文件夹：

Mac$4 ~/envir:cd mysite
Mac$5 ~/envir/mysite:

创建一个名为test1的app:
执行“python3 manage.py startapp test1”

Mac$6 ~/envir/mysite:python3 /Users/doug/envir/mysite/manage.py  startapp test1

创建后的目录结构：

运行Django

执行命令：“python3 manage.py runserver 9000”（端口号可以自己指定，或者执行：python3 manage.py runserver，默认端口号为8000）

Mac$7 ~/envir/mysite:python3 /Users/doug/envir/mysite/manage.py runserver 9000
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).

You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
Run 'python manage.py migrate' to apply them.
September 14, 2020 - 01:11:08
Django version 3.1, using settings 'mysite.settings'
Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:9000/
Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

期间会出现以下红色警告：
You have 18 unapplied migration(s). Your project may not work properly until you apply the migrations for app(s): admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions.
这个警告可以先不用管。如果想要消除警告：我们可以根据后面的提示执行“python3 manage.py migrate”，如下：

 Mac$2 ~:python3 /Users/doug/envir/mysite/manage.py  migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying admin.0003_logentry_add_action_flag_choices... OK
  Applying auth.0009_alter_user_last_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0010_alter_group_name_max_length... OK
  Applying auth.0011_update_proxy_permissions... OK
  Applying auth.0012_alter_user_first_name_max_length... OK

在浏览器中输入url:http://localhost:9000,启动django项目。
启动成功的效果图如下：

---

Django项目结构

相关项目结构详细解析，可以参考前辈的博客：
链接: Django框架的项目结构详细解析.