设计模式之过滤器模式

简介：过滤器模式（Filter）也叫条件模式（Criteria），这种模式允许开发人员使用不同的标准来过滤一组对象，通过逻辑运算以解耦的方式把它们连接起来。当我们想要选择满足一个或多个条件的对象子集时，此设计模式非常有用。它属于结构模式。
优点：

1. 它提供了一种根据特定条件过滤对象的方法
2. 可以随时添加新过滤器，而不会影响客户端的代码
3. 可以在程序执行期间动态选择过滤器

概要设计：我们将创建一个 Person 对象、Criteria 接口和实现了该接口的实体类，来过滤 Person 对象的列表。CriteriaPatternDemo，我们的演示类使用 Criteria 对象，基于各种标准和它们的结合来过滤 Person 对象的列表。

代码：
创建一个类，在该类上应用标准。

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private String gender;
	private String maritalStatus;
	
	public Person(String name, String gender, String maritalStatus) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.gender = gender;
		this.maritalStatus = maritalStatus;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	
	public String getMaritalStatus() {
		return maritalStatus;
	}
}

步骤 2
为标准（Criteria）创建一个接口。

public interface Criteria {
	List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons);
}

步骤 3
创建实现了 Criteria 接口的实体类。

public class CriteriaMale implements Criteria {

	@Override
	public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
		List<Person> malePersons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		for (Person person : persons) {
			if(person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("MALE")){
	            malePersons.add(person);
	         }
		}
		return malePersons;
	}
}

public class CriteriaFemale implements Criteria {

	@Override
	public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
		List<Person> femalePersons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		for (Person person : persons) {
			if (person.getGender().equalsIgnoreCase("FEMALE")) {
				femalePersons.add(person);
			}
		}
		return femalePersons;
	}
}

public class CriteriaSingle implements Criteria {

	@Override
	public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
		List<Person> singlePersons = new ArrayList<Person>();
		for (Person person : persons) {
			if (person.getMaritalStatus().equalsIgnoreCase("SINGLE")) {
				singlePersons.add(person);
			}
		}
		return singlePersons;
	}
}

public class AndCriteria implements Criteria {
	 private Criteria criteria;
	 private Criteria otherCriteria;
	 
	 
	public AndCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
		super();
		this.criteria = criteria;
		this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria;
	}


	@Override
	public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
		List<Person> firstCriteriaPersons = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);     
	    return otherCriteria.meetCriteria(firstCriteriaPersons);
	}
}

public class OrCriteria implements Criteria {
	private Criteria criteria;
	private Criteria otherCriteria;

	public OrCriteria(Criteria criteria, Criteria otherCriteria) {
		this.criteria = criteria;
		this.otherCriteria = otherCriteria;
	}

	@Override
	public List<Person> meetCriteria(List<Person> persons) {
		List<Person> firstCriteriaItems = criteria.meetCriteria(persons);
		List<Person> otherCriteriaItems = otherCriteria.meetCriteria(persons);

		for (Person person : otherCriteriaItems) {
			if (!firstCriteriaItems.contains(person)) {
				firstCriteriaItems.add(person);
			}
		}
		return firstCriteriaItems;
	}
}

步骤4
使用不同的标准（Criteria）和它们的结合来过滤 Person 对象的列表。

public class CriteriaPatternDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
	      List<Person> persons = new ArrayList<Person>();
	      
	      persons.add(new Person("Robert","Male", "Single"));
	      persons.add(new Person("John","Male", "Married"));
	      persons.add(new Person("Laura","Female", "Married"));
	      persons.add(new Person("Diana","Female", "Single"));
	      persons.add(new Person("Mike","Male", "Single"));
	      persons.add(new Person("Bobby","Male", "Single"));
	 
	      Criteria male = new CriteriaMale();
	      Criteria female = new CriteriaFemale();
	      Criteria single = new CriteriaSingle();
	      Criteria singleMale = new AndCriteria(single, male);
	      Criteria singleOrFemale = new OrCriteria(single, female);
	 
	      System.out.println("Males: ");
	      printPersons(male.meetCriteria(persons));
	 
	      System.out.println("\nFemales: ");
	      printPersons(female.meetCriteria(persons));
	 
	      System.out.println("\nsingle: ");
	      printPersons(single.meetCriteria(persons));
	      
	      System.out.println("\nSingle Males: ");
	      printPersons(singleMale.meetCriteria(persons));
	 
	      System.out.println("\nSingle Or Females: ");
	      printPersons(singleOrFemale.meetCriteria(persons));
	   }
	 
	   public static void printPersons(List<Person> persons){
	      for (Person person : persons) {
	         System.out.println("Person : [ Name : " + person.getName() 
	            +", Gender : " + person.getGender() 
	            +", Marital Status : " + person.getMaritalStatus()
	            +" ]");
	      }
	   } 	   
}

结果：