Linux 安装Mysql

1:使用xshell连接云服务器，查看是否已安装MySQL 

rpm -qa | grep mysql

2:下载mysql安装包到 /usr/local/ 目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@localhost local]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.45-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3:使用ll命令查看 MySQL已下载到 /usr/local/目录下。

解压并删除原有压缩包，解压后重命名为mysql

[root@localhost local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.45-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@localhost local]# rm -rf mysql-5.6.45-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 
[root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.6.45-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql

4:可以看到在 /usr/local/ 目录下，有个mysql文件夹，然后开始mysql用户组和mysql用户，添加完使用groups mysql查看是否添加成功

[root@localhost local]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost local]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
[root@localhost local]# groups mysql

5:修改mysql目录拥有者为刚建立的mysql用户

[root@localhost local]# cd mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./

6:MySQL 初始化

[root@localhost mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data

注意：如果MySQL 初始化执行命令后显示：

-bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/local/mysql: bad interpreter: No such file or directory

貌似提示注释器错误，没有/usr/bin/perl文件或者档案，解决办法（安装perl跟perl-devel即可）：

执行  yum -y install perl perl-devel

后在初始化数据库即可。

bin/mysql_install_db 
FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing /usr/bin/mysql_install_db: 
Data::Dumper

yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper 即可。。

7:修改mysql目录拥有者为root用户，修改data目录拥有者为mysql

[root@localhost mysql]# chown -R root:root ./ && chown -R mysql:mysql data

注意： 

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /etc

修改my.cnf文件如下：

[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
user=mysql
port=3306
character-set-server=utf8
# 取消密码验证
skip-grant-tables

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

8:启动mysql 

[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start

注意：显示如下：Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/var/lib/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).

解决：

[root@localhost ~]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.bak

[root@localhost mysql]# ./support-files/mysql.server start

9:修改root密码，成功登陆

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysqladmin -u root password '000000'

[root@localhost mysql]# ./bin/mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p000000

10:linux登陆成功之后，开启远程登陆,刷新权限

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by '000000';
mysql> flush privileges; 

11:MySQL设置开机自启

[root@localhost /]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost /]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost /]# chkconfig --add mysqld

注意：

如果远程连接连接失败

1：

在阿里云控制台-->网络安全组-->配置规则 把3306端口打开，重新使用Navicat连接，成功！

或 2:

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
 

在COMMIT 上面添加：

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT

然后重启防火墙

完毕！

创作不易，感谢相赠。