Doctrine2-基础概念

使用框架操作数据库的几个要求

1.安全,比如防止sql注入等,pdo里面prepare,execute 就可以

2.性能,数据库操作是最基本的操作,频繁使用,需要考虑到执行效率

3.ORM(object relation mapper)可以将数据映射到一个类当中,pdo也是支持的,

4.支持多种数据库(不常用)

5.能使用第三方插件,比如现在需要对五个表进行排序,可以将排序功能封装起来,每个表都可以使用去实现各自的排序功能,这时就可以从网上下载第三方代码,只需要继承该代码

即可实现排序功能。即自动实现相同功能的集合

。。。。很明显Doctirne这些条件都满足了

下面我们对Doctirne2先进行一个预览

/**
 * @Route("/")
 */
class DefaultController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * @Route("/index",name="page_index")
     * @Template()
     */
    public function indexAction()
    {
        $user = $em->getRepository('User')->findOneBy(array("id"=>1));
        $user->setName("test");

        foreach($user->getAdressBooks() as $adressBook){
            echo $adressBook->getName();
        }
        $em->presist($user);
        $em->flush();
        
    }
}

 可以看到,首先$em是传进来的一个对象,getRepositor('User')获取user信息,之后以id为1进行分类,返回一个用户数组给$user

,setName()  对用户的名字进行设置,$em->presist()将我们更改的信息交给$em托管,之后$em会自动进行处理,生成一个update语句,更改表中id为1的名字,flush() 刷新即完成更改。

中间的getAdressBooks,是假定user表和adressbooks表示一对多的关系,获取该用户对应的所有adressbooks,遍历并输出其name。、

可以看到没有像之前一样,编写复杂的sql语句进行查询更新,就完成了这些操作。在symfony网页下方也可以查看生成的sql语句

下面先了解几个基本的doctrine2概念,之后进行配置

1.Entity

类似于一个对象, 里面有各种字段以及属性,并且像mysql一样,其间有各种关系。比如刚才所用$em就是

2.Repository

一个操作集合,比如前面的getRepository()->findOneBy();将查找用户操作放在getRepository里面,选取相应的操作即可,

将数据库相关的业务逻辑操作封装起来,直接调用就行,

3.Proxy

像之前的$user,他并不是一开始就将所有SQL语句都生成出来,将所有信息都存放在$user之中,而是当你需要哪个信息的时候,

他才生成sql语句,执行查询操作,得到相应数据,相当于句动态查询的。

而当还没有查询之前的$user,就处于proxy状态,虚拟状态,用到的时候才会将其 实例化进行使用.

4.DQL语句

构建查询语句,比sql更简单一些,

$query = $em->createQuery(
   select u from database:User p where u.name=:name'        
)setParameter('name','scourgen');

上面的例子就是一个dql查询语句

下面的例子和上面的等价,不过是动态构建了一个DQL语句,更为面向对象化,可以将每一个语句都当做一个方法去替换他

$query = $em->getRepository('User')->createQueyBuilder('U')
                ->where('u.name=:name')
                ->setParmameter('name','scourgen')
                ->getQuery();

5.事件监听机制

 比如现在有一个事件会做很多事情,如果要每次都手动都添加时间戳进行记录,会很麻烦。所以DOCTRINE2为我们提供了这种自动监听机制,不需要去手动监听

 

 

 

 

Table of Contents Introduction....................................................................................................13 Code Examples........................................................................................................13 What is Doctrine?....................................................................................................13 What is an ORM?.....................................................................................................13 What is the Problem?...............................................................................................13 Minimum Requirements..........................................................................................14 Basic Overview........................................................................................................14 Doctrine Explained..................................................................................................15 Key Concepts...........................................................................................................16 Further Reading......................................................................................................17 Conclusion...............................................................................................................17 Getting Started...............................................................................................18 Checking Requirements...........................................................................................18 Installing..................................................................................................................19 Sandbox..............................................................................................................................19 SVN.....................................................................................................................................19 Installing.........................................................................................................................................19 Updating.........................................................................................................................................20 SVN Externals....................................................................................................................20 PEAR Installer....................................................................................................................20 Download Pear Package.....................................................................................................21 Implementing...........................................................................................................21 Including Doctrine Libraries..............................................................................................21 Require Doctrine Base Class..............................................................................................21 Register Autoloader............................................................................................................22 Autoloading Explained....................................................................................................................22 Bootstrap File.....................................................................................................................23 Test Script..........................................................................................................................23 Conclusion...............................................................................................................24 Introduction to Connections...........................................................................25 DSN, the Data Source Name...................................................................................25 Examples............................................................................................................................27 Opening New Connections......................................................................................27 Lazy Database Connecting......................................................................................28 Testing your Connection..........................................................................................28 Conclusion...............................................................................................................29 Configuration..................................................................................................30 Levels of Configuration............................................................................................30 Portability................................................................................................................31 Portability Mode Attributes................................................................................................31 Table of Contents ii ----------------- Brought to you by Examples............................................................................................................................32 Identifier quoting.....................................................................................................32 Exporting.................................................................................................................33 Naming convention attributes.................................................................................34 Index name format.............................................................................................................34 Sequence name format.......................................................................................................34 Table name format.............................................................................................................34 Database name format.......................................................................................................34 Validation attributes...........................................................................................................35 Validation mode constants.................................................................................................35 Examples............................................................................................................................35 Optional String Syntax............................................................................................35 Conclusion...............................................................................................................36 Connections....................................................................................................37 Introduction.............................................................................................................37 Opening Connections...............................................................................................37 Retrieve Connections...............................................................................................37 Current Connection.................................................................................................38 Change Current Connection....................................................................................38 Iterating Connections..............................................................................................38 Get Connection Name..............................................................................................38 Close Connection.....................................................................................................39 Get All Connections.................................................................................................39 Count Connections...................................................................................................40 Creating and Dropping Database............................................................................40 Conclusion...............................................................................................................40 Introduction to Models...................................................................................42 Introduction.............................................................................................................42 Generating Models..................................................................................................42 Existing Databases.............................................................................................................43 Making the first import...................................................................................................................43 Schema Files......................................................................................................................46 Manually Writing Models........................................................................................48 Autoloading Models.................................................................................................48 Conservative.......................................................................................................................48 Aggressive..........................................................................................................................49 Conclusion...............................................................................................................50 Defining Models..............................................................................................51 Columns...................................................................................................................51 Column Lengths.................................................................................................................51 Column Aliases...................................................................................................................52 Default values.....................................................................................................................52 Data types...........................................................................................................................53 Introduction....................................................................................................................................53 Type modifiers................................................................................................................................54 Boolean...........................................................................................................................................54 Integer............................................................................................................................................55 Float................................................................................................................................................55 Decimal...........................................................................................................................................56 String..............................................................................................................................................57 Array...............................................................................................................................................57 Object.............................................................................................................................................58 Table of Contents iii ----------------- Brought to you by Blob.................................................................................................................................................58 Clob.................................................................................................................................................58 Timestamp......................................................................................................................................59 Time................................................................................................................................................59 Date................................................................................................................................................60 Enum...............................................................................................................................................60 Gzip.................................................................................................................................................61 Examples............................................................................................................................61 Relationships...........................................................................................................64 Introduction........................................................................................................................64 Foreign Key Associations...................................................................................................69 One to One......................................................................................................................................69 One to Many and Many to One.......................................................................................................70 Tree Structure................................................................................................................................72 Join Table Associations.......................................................................................................73 Many to Many.................................................................................................................................73 Self Referencing (Nest Relations)..................................................................................................77 Non-Equal Nest Relations............................................................................................................................77 Equal Nest Relations....................................................................................................................................78 Foreign Key Constraints.....................................................................................................80 Introduction....................................................................................................................................80 Integrity Actions.............................................................................................................................82 Indexes.....................................................................................................................84 Introduction........................................................................................................................84 Adding indexes...................................................................................................................84 Index options......................................................................................................................86 Special indexes...................................................................................................................87 Checks.....................................................................................................................87 Table Options...........................................................................................................88 Transitive Persistence.............................................................................................89 Application-Level Cascades................................................................................................89 Save Cascades................................................................................................................................90 Delete Cascades..............................................................................................................................90 Database-Level Cascades...................................................................................................91 Conclusion...............................................................................................................92 Working with Models......................................................................................93 Define Test Schema.................................................................................................93 Dealing with Relations.............................................................................................97 Creating Related Records..................................................................................................97 Retrieving Related Records................................................................................................99 Updating Related Records................................................................................................100 Deleting Related Records.................................................................................................100 Working with Related Records.........................................................................................101 Testing the Existence of a Relation..............................................................................................101 Many-to-Many Relations........................................................................................102 Creating a New Link.........................................................................................................102 Deleting a Link.................................................................................................................102 Fetching Objects....................................................................................................103 Sample Queries................................................................................................................105 Field Lazy Loading...........................................................................................................111 Arrays and Objects................................................................................................112 To Array............................................................................................................................112 From Array.......................................................................................................................112 Synchronize With Array....................................................................................................112 Overriding the Constructor...................................................................................113 Conclusion.............................................................................................................114 Table of Contents iv ----------------- Brought to you by DQL (Doctrine Query Language)..................................................................115 Introduction...........................................................................................................115 SELECT queries.....................................................................................................117 Aggregate values..............................................................................................................121 UPDATE queries....................................................................................................122 DELETE Queries....................................................................................................123 FROM clause.........................................................................................................124 JOIN syntax............................................................................................................124 ON keyword......................................................................................................................126 WITH keyword..................................................................................................................126 INDEXBY keyword.................................................................................................127 WHERE clause.......................................................................................................128 Conditional expressions.........................................................................................129 Literals.............................................................................................................................129 Input parameters..............................................................................................................131 Operators and operator precedence................................................................................132 In expressions...................................................................................................................133 Like Expressions...............................................................................................................134 Exists Expressions............................................................................................................135 All and Any Expressions...................................................................................................137 Subqueries........................................................................................................................137 Functional Expressions..........................................................................................139 String functions................................................................................................................139 Arithmetic functions.........................................................................................................141 Subqueries.............................................................................................................141 Introduction......................................................................................................................141 Comparisons using subqueries.........................................................................................141 GROUP BY, HAVING clauses.................................................................................142 ORDER BY clause..................................................................................................144 Introduction......................................................................................................................144 Sorting by an aggregate value.........................................................................................145 Using random order.........................................................................................................145 LIMIT and OFFSET clauses...................................................................................146 Driver Portability..............................................................................................................146 The limit-subquery-algorithm...........................................................................................147 Named Queries......................................................................................................148 Creating a Named Query..................................................................................................149 Accessing Named Query...................................................................................................149 Executing a Named Query................................................................................................150 Cross-Accessing Named Query........................................................................................150 BNF........................................................................................................................150 Magic Finders........................................................................................................154 Debugging Queries................................................................................................155 Conclusion.............................................................................................................155 Component Overview....................................................................................156 Manager.................................................................................................................156 Retrieving Connections....................................................................................................156 Connection.............................................................................................................157 Available Drivers..............................................................................................................157 Creating Connections.......................................................................................................157 Flushing the Connection..................................................................................................157 Table......................................................................................................................158 Table of Contents v ----------------- Brought to you by Getting a Table Object......................................................................................................158 Getting Column Information.............................................................................................158 Getting Relation Information............................................................................................159 Finder Methods................................................................................................................161 Custom Table Classes...................................................................................................................162 Custom Finders................................................................................................................162 Record....................................................................................................................163 Properties.........................................................................................................................163 Updating Records.............................................................................................................166 Replacing Records............................................................................................................167 Refreshing Records..........................................................................................................167 Refreshing relationships...................................................................................................168 Deleting Records..............................................................................................................169 Using Expression Values..................................................................................................170 Getting Record State........................................................................................................170 Getting Object Copy.........................................................................................................171 Saving a Blank Record.....................................................................................................172 Mapping Custom Values...................................................................................................172 Serializing.........................................................................................................................172 Checking Existence..........................................................................................................172 Function Callbacks for Columns......................................................................................173 Collection...............................................................................................................173 Accessing Elements..........................................................................................................173 Adding new Elements.......................................................................................................174 Getting Collection Count..................................................................................................174 Saving the Collection........................................................................................................175 Deleting the Collection.....................................................................................................175 Key Mapping.....................................................................................................................175 Loading Related Records.................................................................................................176 Validator................................................................................................................177 More Validation................................................................................................................178 Valid or Not Valid.............................................................................................................179 Implicit Validation........................................................................................................................179 Explicit Validation.........................................................................................................................179 Profiler...................................................................................................................180 Basic Usage......................................................................................................................181 Locking Manager...................................................................................................181 Optimistic Locking...........................................................................................................181 Pessimistic Locking..........................................................................................................182 Examples..........................................................................................................................182 Technical Details..............................................................................................................183 Views......................................................................................................................183 Using Views......................................................................................................................183 Conclusion.............................................................................................................184 Native SQL....................................................................................................185 Introduction...........................................................................................................185 Component Queries...............................................................................................185 Fetching from Multiple Components.....................................................................186 Conclusion.............................................................................................................187 YAML Schema Files.......................................................................................188 Introduction...........................................................................................................188 Abbreviated Syntax................................................................................................188 Verbose Syntax......................................................................................................189 Table of Contents vi ----------------- Brought to you by Relationships.........................................................................................................189 Detect Relations...............................................................................................................190 Customizing Relationships...............................................................................................190 One to One........................................................................................................................191 One to Many.....................................................................................................................191 Many to Many...................................................................................................................192 Features & Examples.............................................................................................193 Connection Binding..........................................................................................................193 Attributes..........................................................................................................................193 Enums...............................................................................................................................194 ActAs Behaviors................................................................................................................194 Listeners...........................................................................................................................195 Options.............................................................................................................................196 Indexes.............................................................................................................................196 Inheritance.......................................................................................................................197 Simple Inheritance.......................................................................................................................197 Concrete Inheritance....................................................................................................................197 Column Aggregation Inheritance.................................................................................................198 Column Aliases.................................................................................................................199 Packages...........................................................................................................................199 Package Custom Path...................................................................................................................199 Global Schema Information..............................................................................................199 Using Schema Files...............................................................................................200 Conclusion.............................................................................................................201 Data Validation.............................................................................................202 Introduction...........................................................................................................202 Examples................................................................................................................204 Not Null............................................................................................................................204 Email.................................................................................................................................205 Not Blank..........................................................................................................................206 No Space..........................................................................................................................207 Past...................................................................................................................................208 Future...............................................................................................................................208 Min Length.......................................................................................................................209 Country.............................................................................................................................210 IP Address........................................................................................................................211 HTML Color......................................................................................................................212 Range................................................................................................................................213 Unique..............................................................................................................................214 Regular Expression..........................................................................................................215 Credit Card.......................................................................................................................216 Read Only.........................................................................................................................217 Unsigned..........................................................................................................................217 US State...........................................................................................................................218 Conclusion.............................................................................................................219 Inheritance....................................................................................................220 Simple....................................................................................................................220 Concrete................................................................................................................221 Column Aggregation..............................................................................................224 Conclusion.............................................................................................................227 Behaviors......................................................................................................228 Introduction...........................................................................................................228 Simple Templates..................................................................................................229 Table of Contents vii ----------------- Brought to you by Templates with Relations......................................................................................230 Delegate Methods..................................................................................................234 Creating Behaviors................................................................................................235 Core Behaviors......................................................................................................236 Introduction......................................................................................................................236 Versionable.......................................................................................................................236 Timestampable.................................................................................................................238 Sluggable..........................................................................................................................240 I18n..................................................................................................................................242 NestedSet.........................................................................................................................244 Searchable........................................................................................................................246 Geographical....................................................................................................................247 SoftDelete.........................................................................................................................250 Nesting Behaviors..................................................................................................252 Generating Files....................................................................................................253 Querying Generated Classes.................................................................................254 Conclusion.............................................................................................................255 Searching......................................................................................................256 Introduction...........................................................................................................256 Index structure......................................................................................................258 Index Building........................................................................................................258 Text Analyzers.......................................................................................................259 Query language......................................................................................................260 Performing Searches.............................................................................................260 File searches..........................................................................................................263 Conclusion.............................................................................................................264 Hierarchical Data..........................................................................................265 Introduction...........................................................................................................265 Nested Set.............................................................................................................266 Introduction......................................................................................................................266 Setting Up........................................................................................................................266 Multiple Trees..................................................................................................................267 Working with Trees..........................................................................................................267 Creating a Root Node...................................................................................................................268 Inserting a Node...........................................................................................................................268 Deleting a Node............................................................................................................................268 Moving a Node..............................................................................................................................269 Examining a Node.........................................................................................................................269 Examining and Retrieving Siblings..............................................................................................270 Examining and Retrieving Descendants.......................................................................................270 Rendering a Simple Tree..............................................................................................................271 Advanced Usage...............................................................................................................271 Fetching a Tree with Relations.....................................................................................................272 Rendering with Indention.................................................................................................273 Conclusion.............................................................................................................273 Data Fixtures.................................................................................................274 Importing...............................................................................................................274 Dumping................................................................................................................274 Implement..............................................................................................................275 Writing...................................................................................................................275 Fixtures For Nested Sets.......................................................................................279 Fixtures For I18n...................................................................................................280 Table of Contents viii ----------------- Brought to you by Conclusion.............................................................................................................280 Database Abstraction Layer..........................................................................281 Export....................................................................................................................281 Introduction......................................................................................................................281 Creating Databases..........................................................................................................282 Creating Tables................................................................................................................282 Creating Foreign Keys......................................................................................................284 Altering table....................................................................................................................285 Creating Indexes..............................................................................................................287 Deleting database elements.............................................................................................287 Import....................................................................................................................288 Introduction......................................................................................................................288 Listing Databases.............................................................................................................289 Listing Sequences............................................................................................................289 Listing Constraints...........................................................................................................289 Listing Table Columns......................................................................................................289 Listing Table Indexes.......................................................................................................289 Listing Tables...................................................................................................................290 Listing Views....................................................................................................................290 DataDict.................................................................................................................290 Introduction......................................................................................................................290 Getting portable declaration............................................................................................290 Getting Native Declaration...............................................................................................291 Drivers...................................................................................................................291 Mysql................................................................................................................................291 Setting table type.........................................................................................................................291 Conclusion.............................................................................................................292 Transactions..................................................................................................293 Introduction...........................................................................................................293 Nesting..................................................................................................................294 Savepoints.............................................................................................................295 Isolation Levels......................................................................................................296 Conclusion.............................................................................................................297 Event Listeners.............................................................................................298 Introduction...........................................................................................................298 Connection Listeners.............................................................................................299 Creating a New Listener..................................................................................................299 Attaching listeners...........................................................................................................300 Pre and Post Connect.......................................................................................................300 Transaction Listeners.......................................................................................................301 Query Execution Listeners...............................................................................................301 Hydration Listeners...............................................................................................302 Record Listeners....................................................................................................303 Record Hooks.........................................................................................................304 DQL Hooks.............................................................................................................305 Chaining Listeners.................................................................................................308 The Event object....................................................................................................308 Getting the Invoker..........................................................................................................308 Event Codes......................................................................................................................308 Getting the Invoker..........................................................................................................308 Skip Next Operation.........................................................................................................309 Skip Next Listener............................................................................................................310 Table of Contents ix ----------------- Brought to you by Conclusion.............................................................................................................310 Caching.........................................................................................................311 Introduction...........................................................................................................311 Drivers...................................................................................................................311 Memcache........................................................................................................................311 APC...................................................................................................................................312 Db.....................................................................................................................................312 Query Cache & Result Cache................................................................................313 Introduction......................................................................................................................313 Query Cache.....................................................................................................................313 Using the Query Cache.................................................................................................................313 Fine Tuning...................................................................................................................................314 Result Cache.....................................................................................................................314 Using the Result Cache................................................................................................................314 Fine Tuning...................................................................................................................................315 Conclusion.............................................................................................................315 Migrations.....................................................................................................316 Performing Migrations..........................................................................................316 Implement..............................................................................................................317 Writing Migration Classes.....................................................................................317 Available Operations........................................................................................................319 Create Table.................................................................................................................................319 Drop Table....................................................................................................................................319 Rename Table...............................................................................................................................320 Create Constraint.........................................................................................................................320 Drop Constraint............................................................................................................................320 Create Foreign Key.......................................................................................................................320 Drop Foreign Key..........................................................................................................................321 Add Column..................................................................................................................................321 Rename Column............................................................................................................................321 Change Column............................................................................................................................321 Remove Column............................................................................................................................322 Irreversible Migration..................................................................................................................322 Add Index......................................................................................................................................322 Remove Index...............................................................................................................................322 Pre and Post Hooks..........................................................................................................322 Generating Migrations.....................................................................................................323 From Database.............................................................................................................................324 From Existing Models...................................................................................................................324 Conclusion.............................................................................................................324 Utilities..........................................................................................................325 Pagination..............................................................................................................325 Introduction......................................................................................................................325 Working with Pager..........................................................................................................325 Controlling Range Styles..................................................................................................327 Sliding...........................................................................................................................................328 Jumping.........................................................................................................................................328 Advanced layouts with pager...........................................................................................329 Mask.............................................................................................................................................329 Template.......................................................................................................................................330 Customizing pager layout.................................................................................................332 Facade...................................................................................................................335 Creating & Dropping Databases......................................................................................335 Convenience Methods......................................................................................................335 Tasks.................................................................................................................................337 Table of Contents x ----------------- Brought to you by Command Line Interface.......................................................................................338 Introduction......................................................................................................................338 Tasks.................................................................................................................................338 Usage................................................................................................................................339 Sandbox.................................................................................................................339 Installation........................................................................................................................339 Conclusion.............................................................................................................340 Unit Testing..................................................................................................341 Running tests.........................................................................................................341 CLI....................................................................................................................................341 Browser............................................................................................................................342 Writing Tests.........................................................................................................342 Ticket Tests......................................................................................................................343 Methods for testing..........................................................................................................343 Assert Equal..................................................................................................................................343 Assert Not Equal...........................................................................................................................344 Assert Identical.............................................................................................................................344 Assert True...................................................................................................................................344 Assert False..................................................................................................................................344 Mock Drivers....................................................................................................................344 Test Class Guidelines.......................................................................................................345 Test Method Guidelines....................................................................................................345 Conclusion.............................................................................................................346 Improving Performance................................................................................347 Introduction...........................................................................................................347 Compile..................................................................................................................347 Conservative Fetching...........................................................................................348 Bundle your Class Files.........................................................................................350 Use a Bytecode Cache...........................................................................................350 Free Objects...........................................................................................................350 Other Tips..............................................................................................................351 Conclusion.............................................................................................................352 Technology....................................................................................................353 Introduction...........................................................................................................353 Architecture...........................................................................................................353 Doctrine CORE.................................................................................................................353 Doctrine DBAL..................................................................................................................354 Doctrine ORM...................................................................................................................354 Design Patterns Used............................................................................................354 Speed.....................................................................................................................355 Conclusion.............................................................................................................356 Exceptions and Warnings.............................................................................357 Manager exceptions...............................................................................................357 Relation exceptions.............................
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值