获取表和结构的字段名

 DATA: ls_alv       TYPE typ_excel,
        lcl_struc    TYPE REF TO cl_abap_structdescr,
        lt_comps     TYPE abap_compdescr_tab,
        lv_fieldname TYPE fieldname,
        lv_dummy_col TYPE i,
        ls_fieldcat  TYPE lvc_s_fcat,
        lt_fieldcat  TYPE lvc_t_fcat.

 ASSIGN ls_alv TO FIELD-SYMBOL(<fs_alv>).
  lcl_struc ?= cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_data( <fs_alv> ).
  lt_comps   = lcl_struc->components.