form之code验证码

生成验证码的工具类：

package com.example.springdemo.util;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.RenderingHints;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Arrays;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;


public class VerifyCodeUtils {
	
	private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(VerifyCodeUtils.class);
	
	private VerifyCodeUtils() {
		
	}
	
	//使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
    public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "0123456789";
    private static SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();


    /**
     * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize    验证码长度
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
        return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
    }
    /**
     * 使用指定源生成验证码
     * @param verifySize    验证码长度
     * @param sources   验证码字符源
     * @return
     */
    public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
    	String _sources = sources;
        if(_sources == null || _sources.length() == 0){
        	_sources = VERIFY_CODES;
        }
        int codesLen = _sources.length();
        SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();
        StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            verifyCode.append(_sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
        }
        return verifyCode.toString();
    }

    /**
     * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param verifySize
     * @return
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
        String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
        outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
        return verifyCode;
    }

    /**
     * 生成指定验证码图像文件
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param outputFile
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
        if(outputFile == null){
            return;
        }
        File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
        if(!dir.exists()){
            dir.mkdirs();
        }
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try{
            outputFile.createNewFile();
            fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
            outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
            fos.close();
        } catch(IOException e){
        	logger.error("生成指定验证码图像文件", e);
        } finally {
        	try {
        		fos.close();
			} catch (IOException e) {
				logger.error("生成指定验证码图像文件", e);
			}
        }
    }

    /**
     * 输出指定验证码图片流
     * @param w
     * @param h
     * @param os
     * @param code
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
        int verifySize = code.length();
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        SecureRandom rand = new SecureRandom();
        Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
        g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
        Color[] colors = new Color[5];
        Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
                Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
                Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
        float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
        for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
            colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
            fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
        }
        Arrays.sort(fractions);

        g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
        g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

        Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
        g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
        g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);

        //绘制干扰线
        SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
        g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
            int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
            int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
            int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
            g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
        }

        // 添加噪点
        float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
        int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
        for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
            int x = random.nextInt(w);
            int y = random.nextInt(h);
            int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
            image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
        }

        shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲

        g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
        int fontSize = h-4;
        Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
        g2.setFont(font);
        char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
        for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
            AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
            affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
            g2.setTransform(affine);
            g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
        }

        g2.dispose();
        ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
    }

    private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
    	int _fc = fc;
    	int _bc = bc;
        if (_fc > 255)
        	_fc = 255;
        if (_bc > 255)
        	_bc = 255;
        int r = _fc + random.nextInt(_bc - _fc);
        int g = _fc + random.nextInt(_bc - _fc);
        int b = _fc + random.nextInt(_bc - _fc);
        return new Color(r, g, b);
    }

    private static int getRandomIntColor() {
        int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
        int color = 0;
        for (int c : rgb) {
            color = color << 8;
            color = color | c;
        }
        return color;
    }

    private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
        int[] rgb = new int[3];
        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
            rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
        }
        return rgb;
    }

    private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
        shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
    }

    private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        int period = random.nextInt(2);
        int frames = 1;
        int phase = random.nextInt(2);
        for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                            + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                            / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
            g.setColor(color);
            g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
            g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
        }

    }

    private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
        int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10;
        int frames = 20;
        int phase = 7;
        for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
            double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                    * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                            + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                            / (double) frames);
            g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
            g.setColor(color);
            g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
            g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);

        }

    }
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
        File dir = new File("F:/verifies");
        int w = 200, h = 80;
        for(int i = 0; i < 50; i++){
            String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(4);
            File file = new File(dir, verifyCode + ".jpg");
            outputImage(w, h, file, verifyCode);
        }
    }
}

后台调用：

@RequestMapping(value = "/test/code.html",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void getCode(HttpSession session, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
        response.setHeader("Pragma","No-cache");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        response.setDateHeader("Expires",0);
        response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //生成随机字符串
        String verifyCode = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
        //存入会话session
        session.setAttribute("code_rand",verifyCode.toLowerCase());
        try {
            VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(PIC_H,PIC_W,response.getOutputStream(),verifyCode);
        }catch (IOException e){
            logger.error("生成验证码异常！");
        }
    }

前端接收

<a href="#" onclick="myReload()"><img id="createCheckCode" src=""></a>

$(document).ready(function () {
    $("#createCheckCode").attr("src","code.html?time='"+encodeURI(new Date())+"'")
});
function myReload () {
    $("#createCheckCode").attr("src","code.html?time='"+encodeURI(new Date())+"'")
}

encodeURI是为了防止乱码

验证思路：

验证码输入框失去焦点后触发Ajax,将前端输入框的值与后台session值作比较，相等则返回成功，反之则失败。