iOS Swift 选择图片或拍照上传

UIImagePickerController

A view controller that manages the system interfaces for taking pictures, recording movies, and choosing items from the user’s media library.
UIImagePickerController是一个用于拍照、摄像以及从用户媒体库上传图片或视频的管理器。

声明

class UIImagePickerController : UINavigationController

大致介绍

An image picker controller manages user interactions and delivers the results of those interactions to a delegate object. The role and appearance of an image picker controller depend on the source type you assign to it before you present it.
UIImagePickerControlle让用户可以选择图片或视频，并将选择好的对象传递给委托对象上，具体上传哪种多媒体资源并且以何种方式（从媒体库选择还是拍照上传）取决于你规定的source type这个参数。

• UIImagePickerController.SourceType.camera，拍照或录像上传
• UIImagePickerController.SourceType.photoLibrary或UIImagePickerController.SourceType.savedPhotosAlbum，从已保存的图片或视频中选择上传

ps：这些都需要你在Info.plist中设置申请权限，否则不能正常使用：

To use an image picker controller containing its default controls, perform these steps:
要正常使用UIImagePickerControlle，需要做以下几步：

1. Verify that the device is capable of picking content from the desired source. Do this by calling the isSourceTypeAvailable(_ : ) class method, providing a constant from the UIImagePickerController.SourceType enumeration.
   使用isSourceTypeAvailable方法，sourcetype作为其参数，以此判断设备是否可以获取到指定的资源类型。

if UIImagePickerController.isSourceTypeAvailable(.camera) {
   
...
}

2. Check which media types are available for the source type you’re using, by calling the availableMediaTypes(for:) class method. This lets you distinguish between a camera that can be used for video recording and one that can be used only for still images.
   通过使用availableMediaTypes(for:)方法，你可以知道在你指定的sourcetype中你可以获取哪种文件格式，比如相机，就需要区分是录像用的还是拍摄静态图片用的。
3. Tell the image picker controller to adjust the UI according to the media types you want to make available—still images, movies, or both—by setting the mediaTypes property.
   通过设置mediaTypes参数，你可以选择你需要的文件格式，是静态图片，还是视频，还是都可以。
4. Present the user interface. On iPhone or iPod touch, do this modally (full-screen) by calling the present( :animated:completion:) method of the currently active view controller, passing your configured image picker controller as the new view controller.
   下面需要显示交互页面，在当前view controller下使用present(_:animated:completion:) 方法，将image picker controller作为一个新的view controller显示出来。
5. When the user taps a button to pick a newly-captured or saved image or movie, or cancels the operation, dismiss the image picker using your delegate object. For newly-captured media, your delegate can then save it to the Camera Roll on the device. For previously-saved media, your delegate can then use the image data according to the purpose of your app.
   当用户选择好了图像或视频资源，或是点击取消按钮，你需要让image picker消失，回到之前的页面。如若选择好了资源，在回到之前页面后，委托对象应该保存好资源。

提供委托对象

要使用image picker controller你必须提供一个符合UIImagePickerControllerDelegate协议的委托。从iOS 4.1开始，你可以使用委托将静态图像元数据保存到相机中。

调整闪光模式

从iOS 4.0开始，你可以让有闪光灯设备的用户调整闪光模式，选择前置或后置摄像头&#