结构体、结构体指针、结构体数组

结构体定义方式

//第一种
struct date{int day;int month;int year};
struct date today,tomorrow;
//第二种
struct date{int day;int month;int year} today,tomorrow;
//第三种 没有名字的结构体变量
struct {int x;int y;} p1,p2;
//赋值
struct date{int day;int month;int year};
struct date today;
today=(struct date){7,2,2020};
struct date tomorrow={8,2,2020};

结构体测试程序

输入今天的日期，输出明天的日期

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdbool.h>

struct date{
	int day;
	int month;
	int year;
}; //声明 

int main(int argc,char const* argv[])
{
	struct date today;
	struct date tomorrow;
	scanf("%i-%i-%i",&today.day ,&today.month ,&today.year);//输入今天的日期 
	if(today.day !=lastday(today))//如果今天不是某个月的最后一天 
	{
	tomorrow.day =today.day +1;
	tomorrow.month =today.month ;
	tomorrow.year =today.year ;}
	else if(today.month ==12)//如果今天是一年的最后一天 
	{
	tomorrow.day =1;
	tomorrow.month =1;
	tomorrow.year =today.year+1 ;}
	else// 
	{
	tomorrow.day =1;
	tomorrow.month =today.month+1 ;
	tomorrow.year =today.year ;} 
	printf("%i-%i-%i",tomorrow.day ,tomorrow.month ,tomorrow.year );
	return 0;
	
}

bool leapyear(struct date d)//判断某一年是否是闰年 
{
	int y=d.year;
	bool leap=false;
	if((y%4==0&&y%100!=0)||y%400==0)
	leap=true;
	return leap; 
}
int lastday(struct date d)
{
	int days;
	int dayspermonth[]={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	if(d.month ==2&&leapyear(d))
	days=29;
	else
	days=dayspermonth[d.month -1];
	return days;
}

测试结果：

结构体及结构体指针当做函数参数

将用户输入的结构体当做参数，在子程序中显示结构体内容
将用户输入的结构体的指针当做参数，在子程序中显示结构体内容

#include<stdio.h>
struct date{
	int day;
	int month;
	int year;
};
struct date* getstruct(struct date* d)//用指针的形式实现输入结构体
{
	scanf("%d",&d->day);//& (*d).day 赋值操作
	scanf("%d",&d->month);
	scanf("%d",&d->year);
	return d; 	//返回一个指针
}
void outstruct(struct date p)
{
	printf("%d-%d-%d\n",p.day ,p.month ,p.year );
}
void output(const struct date* q )
{
	printf("%d-%d-%d",q->day ,q->month ,q->year );//q->day 相当于(*q).day
}

int main(int argc,char const* argv[])
{
	struct date day={
		0,0,0
	};
	struct date* d;
	d=getstruct(&day);//返回的是指针
	outstruct(day);
	outstruct(*d);//用*提取指针所指的内容 
	output(d);//把指针当做参数传给output
}

结构体数组及嵌套结构体

#include<stdio.h>
struct date{   //出生年月
	int day;
	int month;
	int year;
};
struct data{  //个人信息
	char name;
	char gender;
	struct date birth;//出生年月结构体嵌套进来
};
void printdata(struct data m[])
{
	int i;
	for(i=0;i<2;i++)
	{
		printf("%c %c %d-%d-%d\n",m[i].name,m[i].gender,m[i].birth.day ,m[i].birth.month ,m[i].birth.year );
	 } 
	
}
int main(int argc,char const* argv[])
{
	struct data members[]={  //包含两个人信息的数组
		{'A','M',{1,1,1996}},
		{'B','W',{1,8,1997}}
	};
	printdata(members); //显示
 }