hereby,thereby,wherein

作者：大柠檬私塾Justin

链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/423201033/answer/1501088302

来源：知乎

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即使教了10年的英语，这个问题牵扯的词法使用过于学术，还是得做一些调查。以下是我的笔记。

thereafter=afterwards 句型没啥特殊

therefore=as a result=so（偏静态） 最常用的就这个了，参见下面thereby（偏动态）

thereby= caused by that

       I did A, thereby doing B. (A导致了B)

       I did A and was thereby able to do B. (做了A让我能做B)

hereby= caused by this (document)

I hereby (affected by this situation) agree/submit...

whereby= by means of which/according to which

      a proposal whereby (according to the proposal) everyone has to learn Chinese

      a system whereby (by means of the system) you can learn Chinese everywhere

therein/herein=in that/this thing mentioned earlier

The classroom and the students therein/herein (in that/this classroom) were ....

Therein/Herein (in that/this place) lies the hope of humanity (常用倒装句)

wherein=in which part

      It is not specified wherein (in which part) he violated the law.

thereof=of that thing mentioned earlier

     We will focus on China, espeically its history and culture thereof (=of China).

hereof= relating to this document

      in accordance with section 7 hereof (of this document)

      the date hereof (=of this document)

hereto=to this document

      my notes are appended/attached hereto

thereto= to the thing mentioned before

      TV and the regulatios related thereto

别的也是相同的逻辑，不列举了。

thereabout

thereat

therefrom

thereon

thereupon

therewith

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Herein、Therein和Wherein 在法律英语中，这类由here，there以及where加上其它介词构成的类似单词很多，除上述三个之外，还包括：

hereinafter, hereafter, hereby, hereof, hereto, heretofore, hereunder, hereunto；thereafter, thereby, therefor, therefrom, therein, thereinafter, thereinbefore, thereinunder, thereof, thereto, theretofore, therewith以及whereby, wherein, whereof, whereon等，乍看上去非常复杂。

实际上，只要弄清楚它们的结构，翻译或理解这些词汇便十分简单了。一般说来，读者可将here，there和where都视为是单词“which”，然后将其后面所跟的介词放到其前面，这样一来，herein便可被视为in which；hereof则为of which；而therefrom则为from which；而whereby也成为by which等。它们之间的主要区别在于here，there 和where的指代有所不同。首先，here指代的“本”文件、文书、合同、协议等，即是指法律文件载体本身。如herein 出现在一个合同（contract）中，我们前面所说的in which中的which 则指代的是contract，而herein 也就成为in this contract，而该合同中的the parties hereof也就成为the parties of this contract。同样，如herein 出现在《公司法》（Companies Act）中，我们便可把该herein视为“in this Companies Act”理解1。而当herewith出现在信函中时，如：please find the check enclosed herewith，其等同于in this letter，该句子则可译为“请查收随函所附的支票”。相比之下，there和where则均可视为是指代文件、文书、合同等前面所出现的单词、词组、事物等，如在if a member fails to pay any call or installment of a call on the day appointed for the payment thereof里，当我们把thereof 2视为of which时，此时的which所指代的则是其前面所出现的call（催缴股款）或installment of a call（催缴的分期支付股款），该句子意思则是“如果股东没有按规定缴款的日期缴纳任何所催缴的股款或催缴的分期支付股款”。同样，a deed whereby 中的whereby当被视为是“by which”时，此时的which也是指代其前面的deed。there和where之间的区别在于there常指代其紧跟的前面的单词或词组等，而where加介词所构成的单词更常指代前面所说的整个句子、事物等，起到一种类似非限制性定语从句的作用。