Java-Spring框架创建Bean对象的三种方式

Spring基础知识：

控制反转 （IOC）：
Spring通过一种称作控制反转的技术促进了松耦合。即 一个对象依赖的其他对象会通过被动的方式传递进来，而不是自己主动创建或者查找依赖对象。
面向切面编程（AOP）：
在不改变软件原有功能的情况下，为软件扩展横向功能。AOP机制可以让开发者把业务流程中的通用功能（如登录，注册等）抽取出来，单独编写功能代码，在业务流程过程中，Spring框架会根据业务流程要求，自动把独立编写的功能模块代码切入到流程的合适位置。

Spring框架创建Bean对象的三种方式：

1. 调用构造器创建Bean
2. 调用静态工厂方法创建Bean
3. 调用实例工厂方法创建Bean

构造器创建Bean示例如下：

package constructor;
/**
实体类
*/
public class Person {
	private String username;
	{
		System.out.println("使用构造器创建Bean对象");
	}
	public Person(String username){
		this.username=username;
	}
	public void hello(){
		System.out.println("调用普通方法对"+username+"说你好");
	}
}

配置文件:beanConstructor.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName"
        >
        
       <!-- 指定class属性，通过构造器创建Bean实例 class:需要创建的Bean实例-->
        <bean id="person" class="constructor.Person">
        	<constructor-arg name="username" value="博弈"></constructor-arg>
        </bean>
</beans>

package constructor;

import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
/**
测试类
*/
public class TestBean {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//1初始化容器对象
		AbstractApplicationContext aac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beanConstructor.xml");
		//2创建bean实例 
		Person ps = aac.getBean("person",Person.class);
		//3调用bean实例方法
		ps.hello();
		//4关闭容器对象
		aac.close();
	}
}

静态工厂创建Bean示例如下：

//定义接口  统一接收类型
public interface People {
	public void hello();
}

//具体实现类    Chinese
public class Chinese implements People{
	private String nation;
	
	public void setNation(String nation) {
		this.nation = nation;
	}

	public void hello(){
		System.out.println("我是"+nation+"人");
	}
}

//具体实现类    American
public class American implements People{
	private String nation;
	
	public void setNation(String nation){
		this.nation = nation;
	}
	
	public void hello() {
		System.out.println("我是"+nation+"人");
	}

}

//定义静态工厂，编写实例方法
public class PeopleFactory {
	public static People getPeople(String arg){
		if(arg.equalsIgnoreCase("chinese")){
			return new Chinese();
		}
		else if(arg.equalsIgnoreCase("american")){
			return new American();
		}
		else{
			return new People(){
				@Override
				public void hello() {
					System.out.println("世界向你问好");
				}
				
			};
		}
	}
}

配置文件：beanStaticFactory.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName"
        >
        
        <!-- 创建chinese Bean 由PeopleFactory工厂的getPeople()方法进行创建 class:静态工厂实现类 factory-method:静态工厂实现类中具体的创建方法-->
        <bean id="chinese" class="constructor.PeopleFactory" factory-method="getPeople">
        	<!-- 为静态工厂的创建方法传入参数 -->
        	<constructor-arg value="chinese"></constructor-arg>
        	<property name="nation" value="中国"></property>
        </bean>
        <bean id="american" class="constructor.PeopleFactory" factory-method="getPeople">
        	<constructor-arg value="american"></constructor-arg>
        	<property name="nation" value="美国"></property>
        </bean>
</beans>

测试类：
//1初始化容器对象  （容器对象可以只初始化一个，此处编写为方便分开书写）
AbstractApplicationContext aacC = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beanStaticFactory.xml");
//2创建bean实例 
People ppC = aacC.getBean("chinese",Chinese.class);
//3调用bean实例方法
ppC.hello();
//4关闭容器对象
aacC.close();

//1初始化容器对象
AbstractApplicationContext aacA = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beanStaticFactory.xml");
//2创建bean实例 
People ppA = aacA.getBean("american",American.class);
//3调用bean实例方法
ppA.hello();
//4关闭容器对象
aacA.close();

实例工厂创建Bean示例如下：

实现类，测试类，实例工厂（非静态方法）基本一致，仅配置文件需要改动
配置文件示例如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName"
        >
        
        <!-- 配置工厂Bean class:指定工厂的实现类 通过该Bean实例进行其他Bean对象的创建 -->
        <bean id="peopleInstanceFactory" class="constructor.PeopleInstanceFactory" />
        <bean id="chinese" factory-bean="peopleInstanceFactory" factory-method="getPeople">
        	<constructor-arg value="chinese"></constructor-arg>
        	<property name="nation" value="中国ren"></property>
        </bean>
        <bean id="american" factory-bean="peopleInstanceFactory" factory-method="getPeople">
        	<constructor-arg value="american"></constructor-arg>
        	<property name="nation" value="美国ren"></property>
        </bean>
</beans>