异常机制

检查时异常处理

使用try-catch处理异常

 public class TestCheckedException {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        readMyFile();
    }

public static void readMyFile() {
    FileReader fileReader = null;
    try {
        fileReader = new FileReader("d:/a.txt");
        System.out.println("step1");
        char ch = (char) fileReader.read();
        System.out.println(ch);
    } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  //子类异常在父类异常前面
        System.out.println("step2");
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } finally {
        System.out.println("step3");
        try {
            if (fileReader != null) {
                fileReader.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
}

运行时异常的处理

 public class TestRuntimeException {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //ArithmeticException算术错误情形，如以零作除数
        int a = 0;
        int b = 1;
        if (a != 0) {
            System.out.println(b / a);
        }
        //NullPointerException 尝试访问 null 对象成员
        String string = null;
        if (string!=null){
            System.out.println(string.length());
        }
        //ClassCastException 对象强制类型转换出错
        Animal dog = new Dog();
        if (dog instanceof Cat){
            Cat cat = (Cat)dog;
        }
        //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 数组下标越界
        int[] arrs = new int[5];
        int i = 5;
        if (i<arrs.length){
            System.out.println(arrs[i]);
        }
        //NumberFormatException 数字格式转换异常，如把"ab"转换成数字
    }
}
class Animal{

}
class Dog extends Animal{

}
class Cat extends Animal{

}

使用throws进行异常处理

public class TestThrows {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        readMyFile();
    }

    public static void readMyFile() throws IOException {
        FileReader fileReader = null;
        fileReader = new FileReader("d:/a.txt");
        System.out.println("step1");
        char ch = (char) fileReader.read();
        System.out.println(ch);
        if (fileReader != null) {
            fileReader.close();
        }
    }
}

手动抛出异常自定义异常

public class TestCustomException {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person = new Person();
        person.setAge(-10);
    }
}
class Person{
    private int age;

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        if (age<0){
            throw new IllegalAgeException("年龄不能为负数");
        }
        this.age = age;
    }
}
class IllegalAgeException extends RuntimeException{
    public IllegalAgeException(){

    }
    public IllegalAgeException(String string){
        super(string);
    }
}